maintain [1:<1.2 kg; 25 50 mg/kg every 12 hours for those weighing 1.2 to 2 kg; and 25 50 mg/kg every 8 hours for those weighing >2 kg. 67 The higher dosages are recommended for meningitis. 67 Neonates 1 4 weeks of age: AAP recommends 25 mg/kg every 12 hours for those weighing> <1.2 kg; 25 50 mg/kg every 8 hours for those weighing 1.2 to 2 kg; and 25 50 mg/kg every 6 hours for those weighing >2 kg. 67 The higher dosages are recommended for meningitis. 67 Mild to Moderate Infections in Infants and Children IV or IM Children weighing> <40 kg: 50 mg/kg daily given in equally divided doses every 6 hours. 1 58 64 Children weighing ≥40 kg: 250 500 mg every 4 6 hours. 1 58 64 Children ≥1 month of age: AAP recommends 100 150 mg/kg daily in 4 divided doses. 67 Severe Infections in Infants and Children IV or IM Children weighing> <40 kg: 100 200 mg/kg daily given in equally divided doses every 4 6 hours. 1 47 49 58 64 67 71 Children weighing ≥40 kg: 1 g every 4 6 hours. 1 58 64 Children ≥1 month of age: AAP recommends 150 200 mg/kg daily in 4 6 divided doses. 67 Staphylococcal Native Valve Endocarditis IV AHA recommends 200 mg/kg daily given in divided doses every 4 6 hours for 6 weeks (maximum 12 g daily). 69 In addition, during the first 3 5 days of oxacillin therapy, IM or IV gentamicin (3 mg/kg daily given in divided doses every 8 hours; dosage adjusted to achieve peak serum gentamicin concentrations approximately 3 mcg/mL and trough concentrations> <1 mcg/mL) may be given concomitantly if the causative organism is susceptible to the drug. 69 Staphylococcal Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis IV AHA recommends 200 mg/kg daily given in divided doses every 4 6 hours for 6 weeks or longer (maximum 12 g daily). Used in conjunction with oral rifampin (20 mg/kg daily given in divided doses every 8 hours for 6 weeks or longer) and IM or IV gentamicin (3 mg/kg daily given in divided doses every 8 hours during the first 2 weeks of oxacillin therapy; dosage adjusted to achieve peak serum gentamicin concentrations approximately 3 mcg/mL and trough concentrations> <1 mcg/mL). 69 Adults Staphylococcal Infections Mild to Moderate Infections IV or IM 250 500 mg every 4 6 hours. 1 58 64 Severe Infections IV or IM 1 g every 4 6 hours. 1 58 64 Acute or Chronic Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis IV 1.5 2 g every 4 hours. 49 When used for treatment of acute or chronic osteomyelitis caused by susceptible penicillinase-producing staphylococci, parenteral therapy generally continued for 3 8 weeks; 48 49 52 57 71 follow-up with an oral penicillinase-resistant penicillin (e.g., dicloxacillin) generally recommended. 49 51 71 In treatment of acute osteomyelitis, a shorter course of parenteral penicillinase-resistant therapy (5 28 days) followed by 3 6 weeks of oral penicillinase-resistant penicillin therapy also has been effective. 49 51 52 57 Staphylococcal Native Valve Endocarditis IV AHA recommends 2 g every 4 hours for 4 6 weeks. 50 Although benefits of concomitant aminoglycosides have not been clearly established, AHA states that IM or IV gentamicin (1 mg/kg every 8 hours) may be given concomitantly during the first 3 5 days of oxacillin therapy. 50 Staphylococcal Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis IV AHA recommends 2 g every 4 hours for ≥6 weeks in conjunction with oral rifampin (300 mg every 8 hours for 6 weeks or longer) and IM or IV gentamicin (1 mg/kg every 8 hours during the first 2 weeks of oxacillin therapy). 50 (See Staphylococci Resistant to penicillinase-resistant Penicillins under Cautions.) Staphylococcal Infections Related to Intravascular Catheters IV 2 g every 4 hours. 73 Special Populations Renal Impairment Modification of dosage generally is unnecessary in patients with renal impairment; 18 53 56 some clinicians suggest that the lower range of the usual dosage (1 g IM or IV every 4 6 hours) be used in adults with Cl cr> <10 mL/minute. 22 28 54 68 Cautions for Bactocill Contraindications Hypersensitivity to any penicillin. 1 58 64 Warnings/Precautions Sensitivity Reactions Hypersensitivity Reactions Serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, reported with penicillins. 1 58 64 Anaphylaxis occurs most frequently with parenteral penicillins but has occurred with oral penicillins. 1 58 64 Prior to initiation of therapy, make careful inquiry regarding previous hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins, cephalosporins, or other drugs. 1 58 64 Partial cross-allergenicity occurs among penicillins and other β-lactam antibiotics including cephalosporins and cephamycins. 1 33 34 42 43 If a severe hypersensitivity reaction occurs, discontinue immediately and institute appropriate therapy as indicated (e.g., epinephrine, corticosteroids, maintenance of an adequate airway and oxygen). 1 58 64 General Precautions Superinfection/Clostridium difficile-associated Colitis Possible emergence and overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms. 1 Careful observation of the patient is essential. 1 Institute appropriate therapy if superinfection occurs. 1 Treatment with anti-infectives may permit overgrowth of clostridia. 1 Consider Clostridium difficile -associated diarrhea and colitis (antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis) if diarrhea develops and manage accordingly. 1 Some mild cases of C. difficile -asssociated diarrhea and colitis may respond to discontinuance alone. 1 a Manage moderate to severe cases with fluid, electrolyte, and protein supplementation; appropriate anti-infective therapy (e.g., oral metronidazole or vancomycin) recommended if colitis is severe. 1 a Laboratory Monitoring Periodically assess organ system functions, including renal, hepatic, and hematopoietic, during prolonged therapy. 1 Perform urinalysis and determine serum creatinine and BUN concentrations prior to and periodically during therapy. 1 58 64 To monitor for hepatotoxicity, determine AST and ALT concentrations prior to and periodically during therapy. 1 58 64 Because adverse hematologic effects have occurred with penicillinase-resistant penicillins, total and differential WBC counts should be performed prior to and 1 3 times weekly during therapy. 40 41 58 64 Selection and Use of Anti-infectives To reduce development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain effectiveness of oxacillin and other antibacterials, use only for treatment or prevention of infections proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When selecting or modifying anti-infective therapy, use results of culture and in vitro susceptibility testing 1 In the absence of such data, consider local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns when selecting anti-infectives for empiric therapy. 1 Staphylococci Resistant to Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins Consider that staphylococci resistant to penicillinase-resistant penicillins (referred to as oxacillin-resistant [methicillin-resistant] staphylococci) are being reported with increasing frequency. a If oxacillin used empirically for treatment of any infection suspected of being caused by susceptible staphylococci, the drug should be discontinued and appropriate anti-infective therapy substituted if the infection is found to be caused by any organism other than penicillinase-producing staphylococci susceptible to penicillinase-resistant penicillins. 1 If staphylococci resistant to penicillinase-resistant penicillins (oxacillin-resistant [methicillin-resistant] staphylococci) are prevalent in the hospital or community, empiric therapy of suspected staphylococcal infections should include another appropriate anti-infective (e.g., vancomycin). a In treatment of endocarditis, consider that coagulase-negative staphylococci causing prosthetic valve endocarditis usually are resistant to penicillinase-resistant penicillins (especially when endocarditis develops within 1 year after surgery). 50 Therefore, coagulase-negative staphylococci involved in prosthetic valve endocarditis should be assumed to be resistant to penicillinase-resistant penicillins unless results of in vitro testing indicate that the isolates are susceptible to the drugs. 50 Sodium Content Each 1 g of oxacillin sodium powder for injection contains approximately 2.5 mEq of sodium and is buffered with 20 mg of dibasic sodium phosphate. 1 Specific Populations Pregnancy Category B. 1 Lactation Distributed into milk. 58 63 Use with caution. 58 63 Pediatric Use Elimination of penicillins is delayed in neonates because of immature mechanisms for renal excretion; abnormally high serum concentrations may occur in this age group. 58 63 If used in neonates, monitor closely for clinical and laboratory evidence of toxic or adverse effects, determine serum oxacillin concentrations frequently, and make appropriate reductions in dosage and frequency of administration when indicated. 1 58 63 Common Adverse Effects Hypersensitivity reactions; local reactions (phlebitis, thrombophlebitis); renal, hepatic, or nervous system effects with high dosage. a Interactions for Bactocill Specific Drugs Drug Interaction Comments Aminoglycosides In vitro evidence of synergistic antibacterial effects against penicillinase-producing and nonpenicillinase-producing S. aureus a Anticoagulants, oral (warfarin) Possible decreased hypothrombinemic effect reported with other penicillinase-resistant penicillins (dicloxacillin, nafcillin) a Monitor PT and adjust anticoagulant dosage if indicated a Cyclosporine Decreased cyclosporine concentrations reported with some other penicillinase-resistant penicillins (e.g., nafcillin) a Probenecid Decreased renal tubular secretion of penicillinase-resistant penicillins and increased and prolonged plasma concentrations a Rifampin In vitro evidence of indifference or synergism against S. aureus with low oxacillin concentrations and antagonism with high oxacillin concentrations a Possible delay or prevention of emergence of rifampin-resistant S. aureus a Tetracyclines Possible antagonism a Concomitant use not recommended a Bactocill Pharmacokinetics Absorption Bioavailability Rapidly absorbed from IM injection sites; 1 14 29 30 31 peak serum concentrations generally attained within 30 minutes. 1 14 31 Distribution Extent Distributed into synovial, 5 24 pleural, 1 5 pericardial, 10 and ascitic fluids. 10 Also distributed into bone, 10 16 17 24 55 lungs, 62 sputum, 5 and bile. 1 5 31 Only low concentrations attained in CSF. 1 10 31 Crosses the placenta 5 31 and is distributed into milk. 1 5 31 Plasma Protein Binding 89 94% bound to serum proteins. 4 15 19 20 70 Elimination Metabolism Partially metabolized to active and inactive metabolites. 10 23 27 Approximately 49% of a dose is hydrolyzed to penicilloic acids which are microbiologically inactive; 23 also hydroxylated to a small extent to a microbiologically active metabolite which appears to be slightly less active than oxacillin. 27 Elimination Route Oxacillin and its metabolites rapidly eliminated in urine principally by tubular secretion and glomerular filtration. 1 5 10 27 70 Following IM administration, 40 70% of the dose is excreted in urine as unchanged drug and active metabolites within 6 hours. 31 Half-life Adults with normal renal function: 0.3 0.8 hours. 1 7 10 15 21 22 45 Children 1 week to 2 years of age: 0.9 1.8 hours. 26 Neonates: 1.6 hours in those 8 15 days of age and 1.2 hours in those 20 21 days of age. 70 Special Populations Patients with renal impairment: serum half-life slightly prolonged. 7 15 18 28 45 Serum half-life may be 0.5 2 hours in patients with Cl cr> <10 mL/minute per 1.73 m 2 . 7 15 18 45 Stability Storage Parenteral Powder for Injection 15 30°C. 68 Solutions reconstituted from ADD-Vantage vials using 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection are stable at room temperature for 4 days or 6 hours, respectively. 63 IM solutions containing 167 mg/mL (250 mg/1.5 mL) prepared using sterile water for injection are stable for 3 days at room temperature or 7 days when refrigerated. 1 Injection (Frozen) -20° C. 64 Thawed solutions of the commercial frozen injection stable for 48 hours at room temperature (25°C) or 21 days at 5°C. 64 65 Do not refreeze after thawing. 64 Compatibility For information on systemic interactions resulting from concomitant use, see Interactions. Parenteral Solution Compatibility hid Compatible Amino acids 4.25%, dextrose 25% Dextran 70 6% in dextrose 5% Dextran 40 10% in dextrose 5% Dextrose 5% in Ringer s injection, lactated Dextrose 10% in water Hetastarch 6% in sodium chloride 0.9% Ringer s injection, lactated Variable Dextrose 5% in sodium chloride 0.9% Dextrose 5% in water Sodium chloride 0.9% Drug Compatibility Admixture Compatibilityhid Compatible Chloramphenicol sodium succinate Dopamine HCl Potassium chloride Incompatible Cytarabine Variable Amikacin sulfate Verapamil HCl Y-Site Compatibilityhid Compatible Acyclovir sodium Cyclophosphamide Diltiazem HCl Doxapram HCl Famotidine Fluconazole Foscarnet sodium Heparin sodium Hydrocortisone sodium succinate Hydromorphone HCl Labetalol HCl Levofloxacin Magnesium sulfate Meperidine HCl Methotrexate sodium Milrinone lactate Morphine sulfate Perphenazine Potassium chloride Tacrolimus Vitamin B complex with C Zidovudine Incompatible Sodium bicarbonate Verapamil HCl Actions and Spectrum Based on spectrum of activity, classified as a penicillinase-resistant penicillin. 4 5 9 10 46 58 70 64 Usually bactericidal. 1 Like other β-lactam antibiotics, antibacterial activity results from inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. 1 Spectrum of activity includes many gram-positive aerobic cocci, some gram-positive bacilli, and a few gram-negative aerobic cocci; generally inactive against gram-negative bacilli and anaerobic bacteria. a Inactive against mycobacteria, Mycoplasma , Rickettsia , fungi, and viruses. a Gram-positive aerobes: active in vitro against penicillinase-producing and nonpenicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis , S. pyogenes (group A β-hemolytic streptococci), S. agalactiae (group B streptococci), groups C and G streptococci, S. pneumoniae , and some viridans streptococci. a Enterococci (including E. faecalis ) usually are resistant. a Like other penicillinase-resistant penicillins, oxacillin is resistant to inactivation by staphylococcal penicillinases and is active against many penicillinase-producing strains of S. aureus and S. epidermidis resistant to natural penicillins, aminopenicillins, or extended-spectrum penicillins. 9 11 58 70 Staphylococci resistant to penicillinase-resistant penicillins (referred to as oxacillin-resistant [methicillin-resistant] staphylococci) are being reported with increasing frequency. a Complete cross-resistance occurs among the penicillinase-resistant penicillins (dicloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin). a Advice to Patients Importance of discontinuing oxacillin and notifying clinician if evidence of hypersensitivity occurs. 1 Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs. 1 Importance of women informing clinician if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed. 1 Importance of advising patients of other important precautionary information. (See Cautions.) Preparations Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details. Please refer to the ASHP Drug Shortages Resource Center for information on shortages of one or more of these preparations. Oxacillin Sodium Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Parenteral For injection 1 g (of oxacillin) Oxacillin Sodium for Injection Sandoz 2 g (of oxacillin) Oxacillin Sodium for Injection Sandoz 10 g (of oxacillin) pharmacy bulk package Oxacillin Sodium for Injection Sandoz For injection, for IV infusion 1 g (of oxacillin) Oxacillin Sodium ADD-Vantage Sandoz 2 g (of oxacillin) Oxacillin Sodium ADD-Vantage Sandoz Oxacillin Sodium in Dextrose Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Parenteral Injection (frozen), for IV infusion 20 mg (of oxacillin) per mL (1 g) in 3% Dextrose Oxacillin Sodium in Iso-osmotic Dextrose Injection Baxter 40 mg (of oxacillin) per mL (2 g) in 0.6% Dextrose Oxacillin Sodium in Iso-osmotic Dextrose Injection Baxter AHFS DI Essentials. Copyright 2017, Selected Revisions September 1, 2007. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 4500 East-West Highway, Suite 900, Bethesda, Maryland 20814. † Use is not currently included in the labeling approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. References 1. Apothecon. Oxacillin sodium for injection for intramuscular or intravenous injection prescribing information. Princeton, NJ; 2001 Jan. 2. Apothecon. Oxacillin sodium for injection, USP pharmacy bulk package prescribing information. Princeton, NJ; 1998 Mar. 3. Apothecon. Oxacillin sodium for oral solution, USP prescribing information. Princeton, NJ; 1998 Mar. 4. Rolinson GN, Sutherland R. Semisynthetic penicillins. Adv Pharmacol Chemother . 1973; 11:152-220. 5. Marcy SM, Klein JO. The isoxazolyl penicillins: oxacillin, cloxacillin, and dicloxacillin. Med Clin North Am . 1970; 52:1127-43. 6. Barza M. Antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacology and therapeutic use of antibiotics. Part 2: penicillins. Am J Hosp Pharm . 1977; 34:57-67. [PubMed 318800] 7. Bergan T. 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Clinical, laboratory, and pharmacological studies of dicloxacillin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 1966:69-74. 14. Kirby WM, Rosenfeld LS, Brodie J. Oxacillin: laboratory and clinical evaluation. JAMA . 1962; 181:739-44. [PubMed 14456243] 15. Barza M, Weinstein L. Pharmacokinetics of the penicillins in man. Clin Pharmacokinet . 1976; 1:297-308. [PubMed 797501] 16. Tetzlaff TR, Howard JB, McCracken GH et al. Antibiotic concentrations in pus and bone in children with osteomyelitis. J Pediatr . 1978; 92:135-40. [PubMed 619056] 17. Kolczun MC, Nelson CL, McHenry MC et al. Antibiotic concentrations in human bone. J Bone Joint Surg . 1974; 56A:305-9. 18. Ruedy J. The effects of peritoneal dialysis on the physiological disposition of oxacillin, ampicillin and tetracycline in patients with renal disease. Can Med Assoc J . 1966; 94:257-61. [PubMed 5903164] 19. Kunin CM. Clinical pharmacology of the new penicillins: the importance of serum protein binding in determining antimicrobial activity and concentrations in serum. Clin Pharmacol Ther . 1966; 7:166-79. [PubMed 4956690] 20. Kunin CM. Clinical significance of protein binding of the penicillins. Ann NY Acad Sci . 1967; 145:282-90. [PubMed 4998178] 21. Selwyn S. Applied pharmacology, adverse effects and drug interactions. In: Selwyn S, ed. The beta-lactam antibiotics: penicillins and cephalosporins in perspective. London: Hodder and Stoughton; 1980:91-126. 22. Giusti DL. A review of the clinical use of antimicrobial agents in patients with renal and hepatic insufficiency: the penicillins. Drug Intell Clin Pharm . 1973; 7:62-74. 23. Cole M, Kening MD, Hewitt VA. Metabolism of penicillins to penicilloic acids and 6-aminopenicillanic acid in man and its significance in assessing penicillin absorption. Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 1973; 3:463-8. [PubMed 4364176] 24. Fitzgerald RH, Kelly PJ, Snyder RJ et al. Penetration of methicillin, oxacillin, and cephalothin into bone and synovial tissue. Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 1978; 14:723-6. [PubMed 727762] 25. Bass JW, Bruhn FW, Merritt WT et al. Comparison of oral penicillinase-resistant penicillins: contrasts between agents and assays. South Med J . 1982; 75:408-10. [PubMed 7041278] 26. Burckart GJ, Evans WE, Whitington GL. Comparison of antibiotic serum concentrations after intramuscular oxacillin and oral cloxacillin in children. Am J Hosp Pharm . 1978; 35:1380-2. [PubMed 707507] 27. Thijssen HH, Mattie H. Active metabolites of isoxazolylpenicillins in humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 1976; 10:441-6. [PubMed 825029] 28. Bulger RJ, Lindholm DD, Murray JS et al. Effect of uremia on methicillin and oxacillin blood levels. JAMA . 1964; 187:83-6. 29. Rutenburg AM, Greenberg HL. Oxacillin in staphylococcal infections: clinical evaluation of oral and parenteral administration. JAMA . 1964; 187:127-32. 30. Gravenkempter CF, Sweedler DR, Brodie JL et al. Cloxacillin: comparison of oral and parenteral forms with oxacillin and methicillin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 1964:237-49. 31. Prigot A, Froix CJ, Rubin E. Absorption, diffusion, and excretion of a new penicillin, oxacillin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 1962:402-10. 32. Bunn PA, Amrerg J. Initial clinical and laboratory experiences with methyl phenyl isoxazolyl penicillin (P-12). NY State J Med . 1961; 61:4158-62. 33. Idsoe O, Guthe T, Willcox RR et al. Nature and extent of penicillin side-reactions, with particular reference to fatalities from anaphylactic shock. Bull World Health Organ . 1968; 38:159-88. [PubMed 5302296] 34. Erffmeyer JE. Adverse reactions to penicillin. Ann Allergy . 1981; 47:288-300. [PubMed 6171185] 35. Dismukes WE. Oxacillin-induced hepatic dysfunction. JAMA . 1973; 226:861-3. [PubMed 4800332] 36. Onorato IM, Axelrod JL. Hepatitis from intravenous high-dose oxacillin therapy: findings in an adult inpatient population. Ann Intern Med . 1978; 89:497-500. [PubMed 697229] 37. Goldstein LI, Granoff M, Waisman J. Hepatic injury due to oxacillin administration. Am J Gastroenterol . 1978; 70:171-4. [PubMed 717369] 38. Pollack AA, Berger SA, Simberkoff MS et al. Hepatitis associated with high-dose oxacillin therapy. Arch Intern Med . 1978; 138:915-7. [PubMed 646563] 39. Bruckstein AH, Attia AA. Oxacillin hepatitis: two patients with liver biopsy, and review of the literature. Am J Med . 1978; 64:519-22. [PubMed 637061] 40. Carpenter J. Neutropenia induced by semisynthetic penicillin. South Med J . 1980; 73:745-7. [PubMed 7394597] 41. Homayouni H, Gross PA, Setia U et al. Leukopenia due to penicillin and cephalosporin homologues. Arch Intern Med . 1979; 139:827-8. [PubMed 454076] 42. Isbister JP. Penicillin allergy: a review of the immunological and clinical aspects. Med J Aust . 1971; 1:1067-74. [PubMed 4398272] 43. Sullivan TJ, Wedner HJ, Shatz GS et al. Skin testing to detect penicillin allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1981; 68:171-80. [PubMed 6267115] 44. Havener WH. Ocular pharmacology. 4th ed. St. Louis: The CV Mosby Company; 1978:144-58. 45. Kind AC, Tupasi TE, Standiford HC et al. Mechanisms responsible for plasma levels of nafcillin lower than those of oxacillin. Arch Intern Med . 1970; 125:685-90. [PubMed 5437893] 46. Chambers HF. Penicillins. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett s principles and practice of infectious diseases. 5th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2000: 261-74. 47. Eichenwald HF, McCracken GH. Antimicrobial therapy in infants and children. Part I. Review of antimicrobial agents. J Pediatr . 1978; 93:336-56. 48. Parker RH, Fossieck BE. Intravenous followed by oral antimicrobial therapy for staphylococcal endocarditis. Ann Intern Med . 1980; 93:832-4. [PubMed 7447189] 49. Armstrong EP, Rush DR. Treatment of osteomyelitis. Clin Pharm . 1983; 2:213-24. [PubMed 6349907] 50. Wilson WR, Karchmer AW, Dajani AS et al and the Committee on Rheumatic Fever et al. Antibiotic treatment of adults with infective endocarditis due to streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci, and HACEK microorganisms. JAMA . 1995; 274:1706-13. [PubMed 7474277] 51. Dunkle LM, Brock N. Long-term follow-up of ambulatory management of osteomyelitis. Clin Pediatr . 1982; 21:650-5. 52. Kaplan SL, Mason EO, Feigin RD. Clindamycin versus nafcillin or methicillin in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis in children. South Med J . 1982; 75:138-42. [PubMed 7036354] 53. Cheigh JS. Drug administration in renal failure. Am J Med . 1977; 62:555-63. [PubMed 851131] 54. Appel GB, Neu HC. The nephrotoxicity of antimicrobial agents (first of three parts). N Engl J Med . 1977; 296:663-70. [PubMed 402574] 55. Waldvogel FA, Vasey H. Osteomyelitis: the past decade. N Engl J Med . 1980; 303:360-70. [PubMed 6993944] 56. Bennett WM, Aronoff GR, Morrison G et al. Drug prescribing in renal failure: dosing guidelines for adults. Am J Kidney Dis . 1983; 3:155-93. [PubMed 6356890] 57. McCracken GH, Eikenwald HF. Antimicrobial therapy in infants and children. Part II. Therapy of infectious conditions. J Pediatr . 1978; 93:357-77. [PubMed 357692] 58. US Food and Drug Administration. Penicillinase-resistant penicillin human prescription drugs class labeling guideline for professional labeling. [Notice of availability published in: Fed Regist . 1982; 47:41636.] Available from: Professional Labeling Branch, Division of Drug Advertising and Labeling, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD. 59. Records RE. Human intraocular penetration of sodium oxacillin. Arch Ophthalmol . 1967; 77:693-5. [PubMed 6022741] 60. Records RE, Ellis PP. The intraocular penetration of ampicillin, methicillin, and oxacillin. Am J Ophthalmol . 1967; 64:135-43. [PubMed 6028624] 61. Matsuda S. Transfer of antibiotics into maternal milk. Biol Res Pregnancy . 1984; 5:57-60. 62. Kiss J, Farago E, Fabian E. Study of oxacillin levels in human serum and lung tissue. Ther Hung . 1974; 22:55-9. [PubMed 4214521] 63. Apothecon. Oxacillin for injection (for intravenous injection only) in ADD-Vantage drug delivery system prescribing information. Princeton, NJ; 2001 Jan. 64. Baxter. Oxacillin injection, USP in plastic container for intravenous use only Galaxy container prescribing information. Deerfield, IL; 1998 Sept. 65. Baxter Healthcare Corporation. Descriptive information on premixed products. Deerfield, IL; 1994 Feb 21. 66. Anon. The choice of antibacterial drugs. Med Lett Drugs Ther . 2001; 43:69-78. [PubMed 11518876] 67. Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics. 2000 Red book: report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 25th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2000:514-26,651,660. 68. The United States pharmacopeia, 26th rev, and The national formulary, 21st ed. Rockville, MD: The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc; 2003:597-8,1261-3,1355-7,2571-2. 69. Ferrieri P, Gewitz MH, Gerber MA et al and the Committee on Rheumatic Fever et al. Unique features of infective endocarditis in childhood. Circulation . 2002; 105:2115-27. [PubMed 11980694] 70. Kucers A, Crowe S, Grayson ML et al, eds. The use of antibiotics. A clinical review of antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral drugs. 5th ed. Jordan Hill, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1997: 3-226. 71. Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, eds. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 16th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company: 2000. 72. Gunn VL, Nechyba C, eds. The Harriet Lane handbook: a manual for pediatric house officers. 16th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby: 2002:660,766,786. 73. Mermel LA, Farr BM, Sherertz J et al. Guidelines for the management of intravascular catheter-related infections. Clin Infect Dis . 2001; 32:1249-72. [PubMed 11303260] 74. Barza M, Weinstein L. Some determinants of the distribution of penicillins and cephalosporins in the body: practical and theoretical considerations. Ann NY Acad Sci . 1974; 235:613-20. [PubMed 4527978] 75. Newton DW, Kluza RB. pK a Values of medicinal compounds in pharmacy practice. Drug Intell Clin Pharm . 1978; 12:546-54. a. AHFS Drug Information 2004. McEvoy GK, ed. Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins General Statement. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2004:328-34. hid. Trissel LA. Handbook on injectable drugs. 14th ed. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2007:1256-60. Next Interactions Print this page Add to My Med List More about Bactocill (oxacillin) Side Effects During Pregnancy or Breastfeeding Dosage Information Drug Images Drug Interactions Support Group 0 Reviews Add your own review/rating Drug class: penicillinase resistant penicillins Consumer resources Bactocill in Dextrose Professional resources Oxacillin Sodium (AHFS Monograph) Oxacillin Injection (FDA) Related treatment guides Bacterial Infection Bone infection Endocarditis Joint Infection ... +5 more> ]} FEATURED: CAR-T Cell Therapy Overview Mechanism of Action KTE-C19 Studies KTE-C19 Cancer Targets Adverse Events Manufacturing Drug Status Rx Availability Prescription only B Pregnancy Category No proven risk in humans N/A CSA Schedule Not a controlled drug Approval History Drug history at FDA Drug Class Penicillinase resistant penicillins Related Drugs Bacterial Infection ciprofloxacin , amoxicillin , azithromycin , doxycycline , cephalexin , More... Bone infection ciprofloxacin , cephalexin , metronidazole , Keflex , clindamycin , More... Endocarditis metronidazole , ceftriaxone , Flagyl , vancomycin , Rocephin , gentamicin , More... Joint Infection ciprofloxacin , metronidazole , clindamycin , ceftriaxone , Flagyl , More... 5 more conditions... Bactocill Rating No Reviews - Be the first! No Reviews - Be the first! Not Rated - Be the first! Bactocill Images Bactocill 250 MG (BMP 143 ) View larger images} } prime
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