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of ethical Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids Generic Name: Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids (dif THEER ee a & TET a nus TOKS oyds) Brand Name: Tenivac Overview Side Effects Dosage Professional Interactions More Pregnancy Warnings User Reviews Support Group Q & A Uses of Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids: It is used to prevent tetanus and diphtheria. What do I need to tell my doctor BEFORE I take Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids? If you have an allergy to any part of this medicine (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids). If you are allergic to any drugs like this one, any other drugs, foods, or other substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had, like rash; hives; itching; shortness of breath; wheezing; cough; swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat; or any other signs. This medicine may interact with other drugs or health problems. Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take this medicine with all of your drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug without checking with your doctor. Slideshow Vaccine Facts: Boost Your Immunization Knowledge What are some things I need to know or do while I take Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids? Tell all of your health care providers that you take this medicine (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids). This includes your doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists. This medicine may not protect all people who use it. Talk with the doctor. If you have a latex allergy, talk with your doctor. Not all brands of vaccines are for all children. Talk with your child's doctor. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan on getting pregnant. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks of using this medicine while you are pregnant. Tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding. You will need to talk about any risks to your baby. How is this medicine (Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids) best taken? Use this medicine (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids) as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely. It is given as a shot into a muscle. What do I do if I miss a dose? Call your doctor to find out what to do. Dosage Information (comprehensive) What are some side effects that I need to call my doctor about right away? WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect: Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat. Feeling confused. Very bad dizziness or passing out. Change in eyesight. Seizures. A burning, numbness, or tingling feeling that is not normal. Trouble controlling body movements. Very bad irritation where the shot was given. What are some other side effects of Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids? All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away: For all patients taking this medicine: Pain where the shot was given. Redness or swelling where the shot is given. Headache. Muscle weakness. Feeling tired or weak. Joint pain. Young children: Crying that is not normal. Not hungry. These are not all of the side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, call your doctor. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. You may also report side effects at http://www.fda.gov/medwatch. Side Effects (complete list) If OVERDOSE is suspected: If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened. How do I store and/or throw out Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids? If you need to store this medicine (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids) at home, talk with your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist about how to store it. Consumer Information Use and Disclaimer If your symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your doctor. Do not share your drugs with others and do not take anyone else's drugs. Keep a list of all your drugs (prescription, natural products, vitamins, OTC) with you. Give this list to your doctor. Talk with the doctor before starting any new drug, including prescription or OTC, natural products, or vitamins. Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets. Check with your pharmacist about how to throw out unused drugs. Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. Check with your pharmacist. If you have any questions about this medicine, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider. If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened. This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take this medicine (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids) or any other medicine. Only the healthcare provider has the knowledge and training to decide which medicines are right for a specific patient. This information does not endorse any medicine as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a brief summary of general information about this medicine. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to this medicine (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids). This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from the healthcare provider. You must talk with the healthcare provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using this medicine. Review Date: November 1, 2017 Next Side Effects Print this page Add to My Med List More about diphtheria toxoid/tetanus toxoid Side Effects During Pregnancy Dosage Information Drug Interactions Support Group 0 Reviews Add your own review/rating Drug class: vaccine combinations Consumer resources Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids vaccine Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids vaccine Td Diphtheria and tetanus vaccine Intramuscular (Advanced Reading) Other brands: Tenivac (Td) , Decavac (Td) Professional resources Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids Adsorbed, Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids Adsorbed (AHFS Monograph) Tetanus and Diphtheria Vaccine (FDA) Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids (Wolters Kluwer) Related treatment guides Diphtheria Prophylaxis Tetanus Prophylaxis Drug Status Rx Availability Prescription only C Pregnancy Category Risk cannot be ruled out N/A CSA Schedule Not a controlled drug Diphtheria toxoid / tetanus toxoid Rating No Reviews - Be the first! No Reviews - Be the first! Not Rated - Be the first! Manufacturer Sanofi-Aventis U.S. LLC Drug Class Vaccine combinations Related Drugs Tetanus Prophylaxis Boostrix (Tdap) , Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed , tetanus toxoid , Adacel (Tdap) , Pediarix , Tenivac (Td) , Infanrix (DTaP) , Decavac (Td) , Daptacel (DTaP) , More... Diphtheria Prophylaxis Boostrix (Tdap) , Adacel (Tdap) , Pediarix , Tenivac (Td) , Decavac (Td) , Infanrix (DTaP) , Daptacel (DTaP) , Pentacel , diphtheria toxoid / pertussis, acellular / tetanus toxoid , More... everyone


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committed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for schizophrenia has received a significant amount scientific and clinical validation over the past 5 to 10 years and has also been covered in the popular press as being an effective and helpful approach for people who have schizophrenia. In the USA there are a few groups doing clinical research in this area, but in the UK there are many more clinical and academic research groups that have been refining, testing and using cognitive behavioral therapy for schizophrenia / psychosis. In fact in the UK it is one of the most common and frequently-recommended approaches to treatment (generally in addition to medication) for psychosis. In fact CBT for psychosis is recommended as front-line treatment by the UK national health service (NHS) for everyone who is diagnosed with schizophrenia. While Cognitive Behavioral Therapy has become the dominant and most well-researched psychological treatment approach for most mental health problems (from depression and anxiety to eating disorders), in most countries CBT for schizophrenia is not available, or only available at a few centers in the entire country. One approach to overcoming this barrier to treatment is to find a good CBT-trained therapist and help get them up to speed on CBT for schizophrenia. Towards this end, we ve included below to a link to a free CBT for Schizophrenia therapist manual. See more information and news on this topic below: Patients with Psychosis Should be Offered CBT UK National Guidelines for Clinical Excellence Specifying a Schizophrenia Service UK National Guidelines for Clinical Excellence CBT Addresses Most De-bilatating Symptoms of Schizophrenia Psychiatry News Online The key problem is that there are very few therapists around the world that actually know how to effectively deliver this therapy approach. That makes this therapist manual a good resource for therapists and family members. If you have a therapist who is not familiar with CBT for psychosis email a link to this article, or print out a copy of the manual and give it to them today. CBT for Psychosis A Therapists Manual Be Sociable, Share this news today! Tweet You might also like Psycho-Social Treatments Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Schizophrenia Video Series The Influence of Science and Media on Psychiatry and The Future of Mental Health Care The Importance of Early Treatment for Schizophrenia and Psychosis A Good Intro to Schizophrenia Recovery (video) Schizophrenia News Watch interesting newsbites from around the globe New Report Demonstrates the Cost Effectiveness of Early Treatment to utilize


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Photo :Seasonal Affective Disorder
buddies Jump to: Symptoms Light Major Depression? Causes See a Doctor? Treatment Medications Psychotherapy Light Therapy Self Help Life naturally slows down in winter. The days grow shorter, light becomes scarce, and we respond by planting ourselves in front of the television or hiding under the covers to stay warm. But how do you know when a seasonal slump is a more serious problem? Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a category of depression that emerges in particular seasons of the year. Most people notice SAD symptoms starting in the fall and increasing during the winter months, but a few people experience a spring/summer version. Let s take a look at some common questions you might have about this disorder. What are the most common symptoms of SAD? SAD symptoms are the same criteria you d need for a diagnosis of major depression. These might include a depressed mood, feelings of hopelessness, a lack of energy, difficulty concentrating, changes in sleep and appetite, a loss of pleasure in activities you once loved, and even thoughts of death or suicide. Persons with the winter version of SAD might also notice the following unique symptoms: Heaviness in arms and legs Frequent oversleeping Cravings for carbohydrates/weight gain Relationship problems Article continues below Do you feel depressed? Take our 2-minute Depression quiz to see if you may benefit from further diagnosis and treatment. Take Depression Quiz Is SAD a lighter version of major depression? No, even though this is a common misconception. SAD is a specifier of major depression, which is just a fancy word for a more specific kind, or subtype. Persons with seasonal affective disorder experience the symptoms at a particular time of year. With the changing of seasons, their depression goes into remission. If you notices this switch happening several times over two years, then you may qualify for this diagnosis. What causes SAD? Researchers have yet to uncover the specific cause for SAD. We do know however, that several factors are at play. The reduction in sunlight in winter can throw your biological clock out of whack and reduce levels of serotonin (a brain chemical that regulates your mood) and melatonin (a chemical which regulates sleep and mood). If you are young and female, you are also at increased risk for SAD. People who live farther from the equator or have a family history of depression also experience the symptoms more frequently. How do I know when to call a doctor? Sure, everyone has days in the winter when they feel sluggish or unmotivated. But if your symptoms are causing disruptions in your life, then never hesitate to reach out to a professional. If symptoms occur for days at a time, you notice major shifts in sleeping or eating, you are withdrawing socially, or the activities that usually boost your mood don t work, then it s time to pick up your phone. Seek immediate help if you are using alcohol to manage symptoms or you are experiencing suicidal thoughts. How do I get the best care for SAD? It s never too late if you re already experiencing symptoms of seasonal affective disorder. Seeking treatment can help prevent them from becoming worse. You can schedule an appointment with your primary care physician or make an appointment with a mental health professional, like a psychiatrist, psychologist, or licensed counselor. Check to see if your workplace has an Employee Assistance Program that offers free counseling or referrals to providers in your community. To get the best level of care, sit down and engage your brain before your appointment. Play detective, and take some notes about the frequency and nature or your symptoms, other mental and physical health concerns you have, and observations about what helps your depression or makes it worse. You can also jot down specific questions you might have for your doctor. These might include: What might also be causing my symptoms instead of SAD? What treatments have your patients found helpful in the past? Would you recommend a mental health provider in the community? Are there any behavioral changes I can make today to help my mood? Are there any written resources you d recommend? When you re at the doctor s office, he or she may conduct a physical exam or lab tests to rule out other physical causes for your depression. The doctor may also recommend that you see a mental health professional to receive a more thorough assessment. What treatments might work for me? With any mental health problem, there is no one-size-fits-all treatment. Here are a few options to explore with your doctor. Medication Antidepressants have proven to be effective for people with SAD, especially those with intense symptoms. Medication requires patience, because it can take several weeks before you begin to feel the effects. It s also important not to stop taking the medication if you feel better. Consult with your doctor before you change your dosage, and let him or her know if you experience any side effects. Psychotherapy Talk therapy can be an invaluable option for those with SAD. A psychotherapist can help you identify patterns in negative thinking and behavior that impact depression, learn positive ways of coping with symptoms, and institute relaxation techniques that can help you restore lost energy. Light therapy Phototherapy involves exposing oneself to light via a special box or lamp. This device produces similar effects to natural light, triggering chemicals in your brain that help regulate your mood. This treatment has proven effective especially for those who experience the winter version of SAD. Don t make an impulse buy on the Internet though, as it s important to consult with your doctor first. You want to make sure you ve purchased an effective and safe device. But what can I do today? In addition to seeking help from your doctor, there are lifestyle changes that can improve symptoms and lift your mood. You might try going outside more often, getting plenty of sunlight, exercising, avoiding drugs and alcohol, getting plenty of sleep, and practicing relaxation exercises. Planning a healthier lifestyle is never a bad idea. But don t beat yourself up if your symptoms don t improve right away. Don t brush them off as the January blues and simply hunker down until spring. Asking for help is a sign of strength and movement towards a better version of yourself. Consider how you can start managing seasonal affective disorder today and live a healthier life in every season. Last Updated: Nov 28, 2017 optimal


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remarkable Ciferex Generic Name: folic acid and cholecalciferol Dosage Form: capsule Side Effects Dosage Professional Interactions Reviews More Disclaimer: This drug has not been found by FDA to be safe and effective, and this labeling has not been approved by FDA. For further information about unapproved drugs, click here. Ciferex Capsule Ciferex Description Ciferex is an orally administered prescription Vitamin for the dietary management of patients with unique nutritional needs requiring increased folate levels, Vitamin D supplementation due to Vitamin D deficiency and other nutritional supplementation. Ciferex should be administered under the supervision of a licensed medical practitioner. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is a white, crystalline powder, very soluble in water, with the following structural formula: Each capsule contains: Folic Acid: 1mg, Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol): 3775IU Each capsule contains the following inactive ingredients: Gelatin, cellulose, magnesium stearate, silica, FD&C Red #3, FD&C Yellow # 6. Slideshow A Joint Effort: A Provider's Guide To Orthopedic Pain Options Indications and Usage for Ciferex Ciferex is indicated for dietary management of patients with unique nutritional needs requiring increased folate levels, Vitamin D deficiency or are in need of Vitamin D supplementation and other nutritional supplementation. Ciferex - Clinical Pharmacology The in vivo synthesis of the major biologically active metabolites of vitamin D occurs in two steps. The first hydroxylation of ergocalciferol takes place in the liver (to 25-hydroxyvitamin D) and the second in the kidneys (to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D). Vitamin D metabolites promote the active absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the small intestine, thus elevating serum calcium and phosphate levels sufficiently to permit bone mineralization. Vitamin D metabolites also mobilize calcium and phosphate from bone and probably increase the reabsorption of calcium and perhaps also of phosphate by the renal tubules. There is a time lag of 10 to 24 hours between the administration of vitamin D and the initiation of its action in the body due to the necessity of synthesis of the active metabolites in the liver and kidneys. Parathyroid hormone is responsible for the regulation of this metabolism in the kidneys. Contraindications This product is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients. Ciferex is contraindicated in patients with hypercalcemia, malabsorption syndrome, abnormal sensitivity to the toxic effects of vitamin D, and hypervitaminosis D. Warnings and Precautions Tell your doctor if you have: kidney problems, thyroid disease. This medication should be used as directed during pregnancy or while breast-feeding. Consult your doctor about the risks and benefits. Folic acid alone is improper therapy in the treatment of pernicious anemia and other megaloblastic anemias where vitamin B12 is deficient. Folic acid in doses above 1 mg daily may obscure pernicious anemia in that hematologic remission can occur while neurological manifestations progress. Adverse Reactions This medication is generally well tolerated. Notify your doctor if you experience: nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, stomach cramps, dry mouth, increased thirst, increased urination, muscle or bone pain,headache, weakness, weight loss, dizziness. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist. Ciferex Dosage and Administration Take one capsule daily or as directed by a physician. How is Ciferex Supplied Ciferex capsules are supplied as orange capsules printed with Ciferex dispensed in HDPE plastic bottles of 30ct. STORAGE AND HANDLING SECTION Store at controlled room temperature 15 -30 C (59 F-86 F). Keep in cool dry place. Call your doctor about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 . KEEP THIS AND ALL DRUGS OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. OTHER SAFETY INFORMATION Reserved for Professional Recommendation All prescriptions using this product shall be pursuant to state statutes as applicable. This is not an Orange Book product. This product may be administered only under a physician s supervision. There are no implied or explicit claims on therapeutic equivalence. PACKAGE LABEL. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL Rx Only Reserved for Professional Recommendation All prescriptions using this product shall be pursuant to state statutes as applicable. This is not an Orange Book product. This product may be administered only under a physician s supervision. There are no implied or explicit claims on therapeutic equivalence. Manufactured for:Adler-Stern Pharmaceuticals, LLC Tampa, FL 33629 Rev. 10/14-3 Ciferex Ciferex capsule Product Information Product Type HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL Item Code (Source) NDC:69054-220 Route of Administration Oral DEA Schedule Active Ingredient/Active Moiety Ingredient Name Basis of Strength Strength CHOLECALCIFEROL (CHOLECALCIFEROL) CHOLECALCIFEROL 3775 [iU] FOLIC ACID (FOLIC ACID) FOLIC ACID 1 mg Inactive Ingredients Ingredient Name Strength GELATIN CELLULOSE ACETATE MAGNESIUM STEARATE SILICA DIMETHYL SILYLATE FD&C RED NO. 3 FD&C YELLOW NO. 6 Product Characteristics Color orange Score no score Shape capsule Size 22mm Flavor Imprint Code Ciferex Contains Packaging # Item Code Package Description 1 NDC:69054-220-30 30 capsule in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC Marketing Information Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date unapproved drug other 11/11/2014 Labeler - Adler-Stern Pharmaceuticals, LLC (079403232) Revised: 10/2014 Adler-Stern Pharmaceuticals, LLC Next Interactions Print this page Add to My Med List More about Ciferex (cholecalciferol / folic acid) Side Effects Dosage Information Drug Interactions 0 Reviews Add your own review/rating Drug class: vitamins Consumer resources Professional resources Other brands: Cifrazol , Zavara , Durachol , Zolate , Revesta FEATURED: CAR-T Cell Therapy Overview Mechanism of Action KTE-C19 Studies KTE-C19 Cancer Targets Adverse Events Manufacturing Drug Status Rx Availability Prescription only N/A CSA Schedule Not a controlled drug Drug Class Vitamins Related Drugs vitamins cholecalciferol , cyanocobalamin , folic acid , ergocalciferol , Vitamin D3 , biotin Ciferex Rating No Reviews - Be the first! 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Photo :amcinonide topical
appeared like amcinonide topical Generic Name: amcinonide topical (am SIN oh nide) Brand Name: Cyclocort Overview Side Effects Dosage Professional Interactions More Pregnancy Warnings Breastfeeding Warnings User Reviews Support Group Q & A Pricing & Coupons What is amcinonide topical? Amcinonide is a steroid. It prevents the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation. Amcinonide topical (for the skin) is used to treat the inflammation and itching caused by a number of skin conditions such as allergic reactions, eczema, and psoriasis. Amcinonide topical may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Slideshow What Are Biosimilars? Top Facts You May Not Know What is the most important information I should know about amcinonide topical? Follow all directions on your medicine label and package. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use. What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using amcinonide topical? You should not use amcinonide topical if you are allergic to it. To make sure amcinonide topical is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have: any type of skin infection. Also tell your doctor if you have diabetes. Steroid medicines may increase the glucose (sugar) levels in your blood or urine. You may also need to adjust the dose of your diabetes medications. FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether amcinonide topical will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medicine. Amcinonide topical can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. You should not breast-feed while using this medicine. Do not use amcinonide topical on a child without a doctor's advice. Children can absorb larger amounts of this medication through the skin and may be more likely to have side effects. Steroid medicine can also affect growth in children. Talk with your doctor if you think your child is not growing at a normal rate while using this medicine. How should I use amcinonide topical? This medicine is usually applied 2 or 3 times daily. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Do not use this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Do not take by mouth. Amcinonide topical is for use only on the skin. Wash your hands before and after using amcinonide topical, unless you are using the medicine to treat the skin on your hands. Apply a small amount to the affected area and rub it gently into the skin. Do not apply amcinonide topical over a large area of skin. Do not cover the treated skin area unless your doctor tells you to. Covering the skin that is treated with amcinonide topical can increase the amount of medicine your skin absorbs, which may lead to unwanted side effects. Follow your doctor's instructions. When treating the diaper area of a baby, do not use plastic pants or tight-fitting diapers. Use amcinonide topical regularly to get the most benefit. Get your prescription refilled before you run out of medicine completely. Call your doctor if your skin condition does not improve after 2 weeks of treatment, or if it gets worse while using amcinonide topical. If you use this medicine long-term, you may need frequent medical tests at your doctor's office. Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Do not freeze. What happens if I miss a dose? Apply the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not use extra medicine to make up the missed dose. What happens if I overdose? Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222 if anyone has accidentally swallowed the medication. An overdose of amcinonide topical is not expected to produce life threatening symptoms. However, long term use of high steroid doses can lead to symptoms such as thinning skin, easy bruising, changes in the shape or location of body fat (especially in your face, neck, back, and waist), increased acne or facial hair, menstrual problems, impotence, or loss of interest in sex. What should I avoid while using amcinonide topical? Avoid getting this medicine in your eyes. If contact does occur, rinse with water. Do not use amcinonide topical on broken or infected skin. Also avoid using this medicine in open wounds. Do not use amcinonide topical to treat any condition that has not been checked by your doctor. Amcinonide topical side effects Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Topical steroid medicine can be absorbed through the skin, which may cause steroid side effects throughout the body. Stop using amcinonide topical and call your doctor if you have: blurred vision, or seeing halos around lights; uneven heartbeats; sleep problems (insomnia); weight gain, puffiness in your face; or tired feeling. Also stop using amcinonide topical and call your doctor at once if you have: severe skin irritation where the medicine was applied; or signs of skin infection (swelling, redness, warmtth, oozing). Common side effects may include: increased hair growth; burning or itching of treated skin; skin dryness or irritation; acne, skin rash; folliculitis (redness or crusting around your hair follicles); lightened color of treated skin; or white or "pruned" appearance of the skin (caused by leaving wound dressings on for long periods of time). This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. Side Effects (complete list) Amcinonide topical dosing information Usual Adult Dose for Dermatitis: Cream and ointment: Apply a thin film topically to affected area 2 to 3 times a day depending on severity of condition Lotion: Apply topically and rub into the affected area completely twice a day Comments: -Occlusive dressings can be a therapeutic adjunct for the management of psoriasis or recalcitrant conditions. -If an infection occurs, occlusive dressings should be discontinued and antimicrobial therapy should be initiated. -The affected area where the drug is applied should be protected from washing, clothing, rubbing until the lotion is dried. Uses: -Relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses Usual Adult Dose for Eczema: Cream and ointment: Apply a thin film topically to affected area 2 to 3 times a day depending on severity of condition Lotion: Apply topically and rub into the affected area completely twice a day Comments: -Occlusive dressings can be a therapeutic adjunct for the management of psoriasis or recalcitrant conditions. -If an infection occurs, occlusive dressings should be discontinued and antimicrobial therapy should be initiated. -The affected area where the drug is applied should be protected from washing, clothing, rubbing until the lotion is dried. Uses: -Relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses Usual Adult Dose for Psoriasis: Cream and ointment: Apply a thin film topically to affected area 2 to 3 times a day depending on severity of condition Lotion: Apply topically and rub into the affected area completely twice a day Comments: -Occlusive dressings can be a therapeutic adjunct for the management of psoriasis or recalcitrant conditions. -If an infection occurs, occlusive dressings should be discontinued and antimicrobial therapy should be initiated. -The affected area where the drug is applied should be protected from washing, clothing, rubbing until the lotion is dried. Uses: -Relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses Usual Pediatric Dose for Dermatitis: Cream and ointment: Apply a thin film topically to affected area 2 to 3 times a day depending on severity of condition Lotion: Apply topically and rub into the affected area completely twice a day Comments: -Occlusive dressings can be a therapeutic adjunct for the management of psoriasis or recalcitrant conditions. -If an infection occurs, occlusive dressings should be discontinued and antimicrobial therapy should be initiated. -The affected area where the drug is applied should be protected from washing, clothing, rubbing until the lotion is dried. -Administration of topical corticosteroids to pediatric patients should be limited to the least amount compatible with an effective therapeutic regimen. Uses: -Relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses Usual Pediatric Dose for Eczema: Cream and ointment: Apply a thin film topically to affected area 2 to 3 times a day depending on severity of condition Lotion: Apply topically and rub into the affected area completely twice a day Comments: -Occlusive dressings can be a therapeutic adjunct for the management of psoriasis or recalcitrant conditions. -If an infection occurs, occlusive dressings should be discontinued and antimicrobial therapy should be initiated. -The affected area where the drug is applied should be protected from washing, clothing, rubbing until the lotion is dried. -Administration of topical corticosteroids to pediatric patients should be limited to the least amount compatible with an effective therapeutic regimen. Uses: -Relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses Usual Pediatric Dose for Psoriasis: Cream and ointment: Apply a thin film topically to affected area 2 to 3 times a day depending on severity of condition Lotion: Apply topically and rub into the affected area completely twice a day Comments: -Occlusive dressings can be a therapeutic adjunct for the management of psoriasis or recalcitrant conditions. -If an infection occurs, occlusive dressings should be discontinued and antimicrobial therapy should be initiated. -The affected area where the drug is applied should be protected from washing, clothing, rubbing until the lotion is dried. -Administration of topical corticosteroids to pediatric patients should be limited to the least amount compatible with an effective therapeutic regimen. Uses: -Relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses What other drugs will affect amcinonide topical? It is not likely that other drugs you take orally or inject will have an effect on topically applied amcinonide. But many drugs can interact with each other. Tell each of your health care providers about all medicines you use, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Next Side Effects Print this page Add to My Med List More about amcinonide topical Side Effects During Pregnancy or Breastfeeding Dosage Information Drug Interactions Support Group Pricing & Coupons En Español 1 Review Add your own review/rating Drug class: topical steroids Consumer resources Amcinonide Cream and Ointment Amcinonide Lotion Amcinonide Topical application (Advanced Reading) Other brands: Cyclocort Professional resources Amcinonide (FDA) ... +3 more Related treatment guides Atopic Dermatitis Dermatitis Eczema Psoriasis Where can I get more information? Your pharmacist can provide more information about amcinonide topical. Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed. Disclaimer: Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. ('Multum') is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Copyright 1996-2012 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 6.01. Last reviewed: December 01, 2014 Date modified: December 03, 2017} Drug Status Rx Availability Prescription only C Pregnancy Category Risk cannot be ruled out N/A CSA Schedule Not a controlled drug Approval History Drug history at FDA Manufacturers Sandoz Inc. Taro Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. Drug Class Topical steroids Related Drugs Eczema prednisone , fluticasone topical , triamcinolone topical , hydrocortisone topical , dexamethasone , clobetasol topical , More... Dermatitis fluticasone topical , triamcinolone topical , hydrocortisone topical , prednisolone , clobetasol topical , More... Psoriasis Humira , methotrexate , cyclosporine , Remicade , adalimumab , infliximab , More... Atopic Dermatitis prednisone , fluticasone topical , triamcinolone topical , hydrocortisone topical , dexamethasone , methylprednisolone , More... Amcinonide topical Rating 1 User Review 10 /10 1 User Review 10 Rate it! Help and Support Looking for answers? 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plenty of Home Labor and Birth Cesarean Section Do I Need a Cesarean? Do I Need A Cesarean Section? A cesarean delivery should be performed when it is safer for the mother or the baby than a vaginal delivery. That can sometimes be determined before labor and a cesarean section will be scheduled. In this case, it is important to be very sure how far along the pregnancy is, so as not to deliver a baby prematurely. Reasons for a Cesarean Section Listed below are some of the more common reasons that a cesarean section needs to be performed: Previous surgery on the uterus, such as removal of fibroids from deep in the muscle wall of the upper part of the uterus or cesarean section with a high (classical) incision. Infectious conditions, such as HIV , large vaginal warts or acute herpes outbreak at the onset of labor; these could otherwise transmit to the baby once he enters the birth canal. Vaginal warts treatments are available to provide fast relief. Medical conditions that make labor too great a risk for the mother, such as extremely high blood pressure or severe diabetes. The baby is too big for the size of the mother s pelvis ("cephalopelvic disproportion"). Sometimes this is so obvious that a cesarean delivery is scheduled from the outset; sometimes the decision is made to do a "trial of labor" and see what happens, only resorting to cesarean delivery when the baby appears to be stuck ("failure to progress in labor"). Having more than one baby - risks are greatly elevated, especially for the second or third baby, as the placenta may detach from the wall of the uterus before all the babies are out. The exit is blocked; if a large tumor is located in the lower part of the uterus, it may block passage of the baby through the birth canal. The placenta can cover the cervix and block the exit. This is called placenta previa . Malpresentation , such as a breech presentation. Even though many babies can be delivered in the breech position (bottom first), the risk of complications is greatly increased because the head and shoulders are the largest parts of the newborn. Once they ve stretched the birth canal, the rest follows automatically. When the smaller bottom end comes out first, the head may get trapped and the umbilical cord can be compressed between the baby s skull and the mother s pelvic bones. The baby then does not get any oxygen because the placental blood is cut off and the head isn t yet in the air. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists now recommends that an attempt should be made to turn breech babies in late pregnancy and only deliver them by cesarean section if turning them fails. If the mother wants a c-section, she can opt to have one. She may choose this because she had one before and feels as she already has a scar, she doesn t want to subject her pelvis and vagina to the trauma of labor. The mother may just decide that labor is not for her, in which case she ll have problems getting her insurance company to pay. Even with a previous cesarean, women and their doctors have been pressured by insurance companies to do a "trial of labor" . Reasons for Cesarean Section During Labor Sometimes the need for a cesarean section becomes apparent only during labor on a more or less emergency basis. Fetal distress. During labor, the baby s heart rate, including how it responds to contractions, is followed either with a monitor or by auscultation. A non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern can be a sign that the baby is not receiving enough oxygen. This can occur because the cord is tightly wrapped around the baby s neck or shoulder, the placenta is separating from the uterine wall or the baby is at risk for a host of other reasons. Placental problems . This usually involves the placenta beginning to separate from the uterine wall (placenta abruption). Signs of this are excessive bleeding and fetal distress. Labor problems or "failure to progress." About 30% of cesarean deliveries are performed for this reason. The most common reason the baby stops advancing down the birth canal is that the baby does not fit ("cephalo-pelvic disproportion"). If labor is allowed to continue indefinitely, something will eventually give either the baby will develop fetal distress or the uterus will rupture. Rarely, the laboring woman will develop medical problems, such as seizures, that make it unsafe for her to continue with labor. Back to top Visit our Cesarean Section forum to have all your c-section questions answered Login to comment Log in or sign up Forgot Password? Username: Password: CANCEL (0 Comments) Login to add a comment Post a comment You must be logged in to comment. the jobs


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a lot of Haemonetics Anticoagulant Sodium Citrate Generic Name: trisodium citrate dihydrate Dosage Form: solution Professional Interactions Reviews Q & A More Haemonetics Anticoagulant Sodium Citrate 4% w/v SOLUTION USP Rx only 250 mL Intended for use only with automated apheresis devices. Each 100 mL contains: Sodium Citrate (Dihydrate), USP 4.0g (pH adjusted with Citric Acid, Monohydrate, USP) Slideshow 7 First Aid Kit Must Haves For Your Medicine Cabinet CAUTION: Not for direct intravenous infusion. The pouch is a moisture barrier. Do not use unless solution is clear and no leaks detected. Single use container. Discard unused portion. STERILE, nonpyrogenic fluid path. RECOMMENDED STORAGE: Room temperature (25°C/77°F). Avoid excess heat. Protect from freezing. Product code Product Code 420A 117881-00, Rev. AA-XXX Haemonetics Corporation 400 Wood Road Braintree, MA 02184 USA Product Labeling Haemonetics Anticoagulant Sodium Citrate trisodium citrate dihydrate solution Product Information Product Type HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL Item Code (Source) NDC:57826-420 Route of Administration EXTRACORPOREAL DEA Schedule Active Ingredient/Active Moiety Ingredient Name Basis of Strength Strength TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE (ANHYDROUS CITRIC ACID) ANHYDROUS CITRIC ACID 40 mg in 1 mL Inactive Ingredients Ingredient Name Strength WATER Packaging # Item Code Package Description 1 NDC:57826-420-02 250 mL in 1 BAG Marketing Information Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date NDA BN980123 01/10/2013 Labeler - Haemonetics Corporation (942344649) Revised: 10/2017 Haemonetics Corporation Next Interactions Print this page Add to My Med List More about sodium citrate Drug Interactions Support Group 0 Reviews Add your own review/rating Drug class: laxatives Professional resources Other brands: Tricitrasol Related treatment guides GERD Indigestion FEATURED: CAR-T Cell Therapy Overview Mechanism of Action KTE-C19 Studies KTE-C19 Cancer Targets Adverse Events Manufacturing Drug Status Rx OTC Availability Rx and/or OTC C Pregnancy Category Risk cannot be ruled out N/A CSA Schedule Not a controlled drug Drug Class Laxatives Urinary pH modifiers Related Drugs laxatives MiraLax , Colace , docusate , polyethylene glycol 3350 , senna , Metamucil urinary pH modifiers sodium bicarbonate , potassium citrate , Urocit-K , ammonium chloride Indigestion omeprazole , ranitidine , famotidine , Prilosec , calcium carbonate , Zantac , magnesium oxide , Pepcid , sodium bicarbonate , cimetidine , More... GERD omeprazole , pantoprazole , ranitidine , famotidine , Nexium , Prilosec , Protonix , Zantac , Dexilant , esomeprazole , Pepcid , lansoprazole , More... Sodium citrate Rating No Reviews - Be the first! No Reviews - Be the first! Not Rated - Be the first! now and again


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bowled over Diphtheria & Tetanus Tox, Acell Pertussis, Hep B (Recomb), Polio Vacc Generic Name: Diphtheria & Tetanus Tox, Acell Pertussis, Hep B (Recomb), Polio Vacc (dif THEER ee a/TET a nus/aye SELL yoo ler per TUS is/hep a TYE tis/POE lee oh VYE rus) Brand Name: Pediarix Overview Side Effects Dosage Professional Interactions More Pregnancy Warnings User Reviews Support Group Q & A Uses of Diphtheria & Tetanus Tox, Acell Pertussis, Hep B , Polio Vacc: It is used to prevent diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, and polio. Slideshow The ABC's of Hepatitis: Get to Know This Viral Disease What do I need to tell my doctor BEFORE I take Diphtheria & Tetanus Tox, Acell Pertussis, Hep B , Polio Vacc? If your child has an allergy to any part of diphtheria & tetanus tox, acell pertussis, hep B (recomb), polio vacc. If your child is allergic to any drugs like this one or any other drugs, foods, or other substances. Tell the doctor about the allergy and what signs your child had, like rash; hives; itching; shortness of breath; wheezing; cough; swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat; or any other signs. If your child has seizures or any other brain or nervous system problem. If your child has had a brain problem like coma, lowered level of awareness, or seizures from an unknown cause within 7 days of a previous vaccine that has pertussis. This medicine may interact with other drugs or health problems. Tell the doctor and pharmacist about all of your child's drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for your child to take this medicine with all of his/her drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug your child takes without checking with the doctor. What are some things I need to know or do while I take Diphtheria & Tetanus Tox, Acell Pertussis, Hep B , Polio Vacc? Tell all of your child's health care providers that your child is taking diphtheria & tetanus tox, acell pertussis, hep B , polio vacc. This includes your child's doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists. If your child has a latex allergy, talk with the doctor. This medicine may not protect all people who use it. Talk with the doctor. Talk with the doctor if your child is pregnant, becomes pregnant, or is breast-feeding a baby. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks of using this medicine. Tell the doctor if your child is breast-feeding a baby. You will need to talk about any risks to the baby. How is this medicine (Diphtheria & Tetanus Tox, Acell Pertussis, Hep B , Polio Vacc) best taken? Give diphtheria & tetanus tox, acell pertussis, hep B , polio vacc as ordered by your child's doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely. It is given as a shot into a muscle. Your child's doctor will give this medicine. What do I do if I miss a dose? Call your doctor to find out what to do. Dosage Information (comprehensive) What are some side effects that I need to call my doctor about right away? WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your child's doctor or get medical help right away if your child has any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect: Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat. High fever. Very bad dizziness or passing out. Change in eyesight. Seizures. A burning, numbness, or tingling feeling that is not normal. Trouble controlling body movements. Crying that lasts. What are some other side effects of Diphtheria & Tetanus Tox, Acell Pertussis, Hep B , Polio Vacc? All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your child's doctor or get medical help if your child has any side effects that bother your child or do not go away. Pain where the shot was given. Redness or swelling where the shot is given. Feeling sleepy. Feeling fussy. Not hungry. Fever. These are not all of the side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, call your child's doctor. Call your child's doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. You may also report side effects at http://www.fda.gov/medwatch. Side Effects (complete list) If OVERDOSE is suspected: If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened. How do I store and/or throw out Diphtheria & Tetanus Tox, Acell Pertussis, Hep B , Polio Vacc? If you need to store diphtheria & tetanus tox, acell pertussis, hep B , polio vacc at home, talk with your child's doctor, nurse, or pharmacist about how to store it. Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets. Check with your pharmacist about how to throw out unused drugs. Consumer Information Use and Disclaimer If your child's symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your child's doctor. Do not share your child's drug with others and do not give anyone else's drug to your child. Keep a list of all your child's drugs (prescription, natural products, vitamins, OTC) with you. Give this list to your child's doctor. Talk with your child's doctor before giving your child any new drug, including prescription or OTC, natural products, or vitamins. Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. If you have any questions about this medicine, please talk with your child's doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider. Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. Check with your pharmacist. If you have any questions about diphtheria & tetanus tox, acell pertussis, hep B , polio vacc, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider. If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened. This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take this medicine or any other medicine. Only the healthcare provider has the knowledge and training to decide which medicines are right for a specific patient. This information does not endorse any medicine as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a brief summary of general information about diphtheria & tetanus tox, acell pertussis, hep B , polio vacc. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to this medicine. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from the healthcare provider. You must talk with the healthcare provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using diphtheria & tetanus tox, acell pertussis, hep B , polio vacc. Review Date: November 1, 2017 Next Side Effects Print this page Add to My Med List More about diphtheria toxoid/hepatitis b pediatric vaccine/pertussis, acellular/poliovirus vaccine, inactivated/tetanus toxoid Side Effects During Pregnancy Dosage Information Drug Interactions Support Group En Español 0 Reviews Add your own review/rating Drug class: vaccine combinations Consumer resources Diphtheria, hepatitis B, pertussis (acellular), polio, and tetanus vaccine Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, hepatitis b, and polio vaccine Intramuscular (Advanced Reading) Other brands: Pediarix Professional resources Diphtheria, Tetanus Toxoids, Acellular Pertussis, Hepatitis B (Recombinant), and Poliovirus (Inactivated) Vaccine (Wolters Kluwer) Related treatment guides Diphtheria Prophylaxis Haemophilus influenzae Prophylaxis Hepatitis B Prevention Pertussis Prophylaxis Poliomyelitis Prophylaxis Tetanus Prophylaxis} Drug Status Rx Availability Prescription only C Pregnancy Category Risk cannot be ruled out N/A CSA Schedule Not a controlled drug Diphtheria toxoid / hepatitis b pediatric vaccine / pertussis, acellular / poliovirus vaccine, inactivated / tetanus toxoid Rating No Reviews - Be the first! No Reviews - Be the first! Not Rated - Be the first! Drug Class Vaccine combinations Related Drugs Poliomyelitis Prophylaxis Pediarix , Pentacel , poliovirus vaccine, inactivated , Ipol , Kinrix , Quadracel , More... Haemophilus influenzae Prophylaxis rifampin , Rifadin , Pediarix , Pentacel , ActHIB , Hiberix , More... Diphtheria Prophylaxis Boostrix (Tdap) , Adacel (Tdap) , Pediarix , Tenivac (Td) , Decavac (Td) , More... Pertussis Prophylaxis azithromycin , Zithromax , clarithromycin , Biaxin , Boostrix (Tdap) , More... 2 more conditions...} } song


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Photo :Cannabis-Derivative a Potential New Schizophrenia Treatment
multi-millionaire There have been many research studies suggesting that marijuana may increase risk of schizophrenia (see here ). But there is also a recent study at Harvard Medical School, led by Ashley C. Proal, that has suggested this may not be the case. This recent comparison between families with a history of schizophrenia and those without, found no connection to marijuana as a cause for the disorder. There are over 400 different chemicals in the marijuana plant, so the issue is more complex than it might seem at first and it appears that there may be some chemicals from the plant that may actually be helpful for people who have schizophrenia. In fact, GW Pharmaceuticals ( www.gwpharm.com ), which has several cannabinoid-based drugs in the research pipeline, is now gearing up for a human trial of one of its CBDs to treat schizophrenia. Steve Schultz, VP, investor relations, says the company wants to differentiate itself from medical marijuana. We grow all our plants in a controlled environment and extract various chemicals that undergo rigorous testing. This is completely different from medical marijuana, which is not regulated. Studies have shown that CBDs block, or counteract the effects of THC (terahydrocannabinol) which is the psychotogenic part of cannabis, and are anti-psychotic in humans. The company will be enrolling 80 patients in Europe this year for a Phase IIa trial that will examine the safety and efficacy of a purified CBD agent the company has titled GWP-42003. Preclinical data verified that it has anti-psychotic effects in pre-clinical models of schizophrenia, as well as demonstrating a reduction in movement disorders often induced by current anti-psychotic drugs. What sets this compound apart from current anti-psychotics is that cannabinoids do not work via the dopamine D2 receptor and may have the potential to target both positive and negative symptoms of the disease. This may, in turn, improve patient compliance. Additional in-house research indicates that cannabinoids show potential to treat additional mental health disorders, such as: anxiety, bipolar affective disorder, depression, treating disorders, insomnia and post-traumatic stress disorder. There have been a number of published papers on the topic of cannabinoids and Schizophrenia. Some of these are listed on the company website: www.gwpharm.com . Be Sociable, Share this news today! Tweet You might also like New Schizophrenia Medications Schizophrenia News Watch August New Study of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics Finds Haloperidol an Effective, Less-Expensive Option Over 30 New Medications in Development for Schizophrenia Minerva Neurosciences Raising $69 Million to Fund New Schizophrenia Medications Omeros Reports Positive Results from New Medication Phase 2 Clinical Trial for Schizophrenia corporation


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Photo :Depression
ad infinitum Jump to: Statistics Types Signs & Symptoms Treatment What Is Depression? Being depressed often feels like carrying a very heavy burden, but you are not alone in this struggle. Millions of Americans suffer from some form of depression every year, making it one of the most common mental disorders in the country. Gaining a deeper understanding of depression can help begin the journey to recovery. Taking some time to learn more about the causes and symptoms of depression will assist you greatly when it comes time to consider methods of treatment. Depression is more than just feeling sad. Everyone feels upset or unmotivated from time to time, but depression is more serious. It is a mood disorder characterized by prolonged feelings of sadness and loss of interest in daily activities. If these symptoms persist for a period of at least two weeks, it is considered a depressive episode. Article continues below Do you feel depressed? Take one of our 2-minute Depression quizzes to see if you or a loved one could benefit from further diagnosis and treatment. Take Depression Quiz Take Partner Depression Quiz Patient Statistics According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), major depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the United States. Data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) shows that in 2014, an estimated 15.7 million adults in the United States reported having at least one major depressive episode in the previous 12 months. That is 6.7% of all U.S. adults ages 18 and older. SAMHSA records from 2014 also note that an estimated 2.8 million adolescents reported having at least one major depressive episode in the previous 12 months. That number is 11.4% of all U.S. adolescents ages 12 to 17. Not only is depression prevalent, but it also creates the heaviest burden of disability among mental and behavior disorders as well. According to a 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) report, depression accounted for 3.7% of all U.S. disability-adjusted life years and 8.3% of all U.S. years lived with disability. Causes of Depression There is no one cause for depression, as it depends on a unique combination of an individual s genetic makeup and environmental conditions. There are many factors to take into account: The brain s physical structure or chemistry History of depression in family History of other disorders ( anxiety , post traumatic stress disorder ) Stressful, traumatic events (abuse, financial issues, death of a loved one) Hormone changes (menstrual cycles, pregnancy) Certain medications (sleeping aids, blood pressure medication) Types of Depression Just as there is no one cause for depression, there isn t only one type of depression. It can take many forms. WebMD has compiled a list of nine distinct types: Major depression , as we discussed, is the most common type of depression. Often, people with major depression experience recurrent episodes throughout their lives. Dysthymia is a persistent low mood over a long period of time, even a year or more. It could be described as feeling like you re living on autopilot. Some people are more sensitive to the lower amount of light in the wintertime. Seasonal Affective Disorder is a type of depression brought on from a lack of natural sunlight. Those with Atypical Depression often report feeling a heaviness in their limbs. They may suffer from irritability and relationship problems, as well as be prone to overeating and oversleeping. Bipolar Disorder is also called Manic Depressive Disorder because it involves alternating between mania and depressive episodes. Sometimes depressive episodes can get so severe that hallucinations or delusions are present, the person becomes catatonic, or they feel stuck in bed. This is known as Psychotic Depression . Postpartum Depression occurs after giving birth. Mothers may feel disconnected from their new baby or fear that they will hurt their child. Severe depression that shows up during the second half of the menstrual cycle is called Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder . It affects the individual s ability to function normally. Situational Depression is triggered by a life-changing event. It could be anything, from losing your job to the death of an immediate family member. Signs and Symptoms of Depression Though there are multiple types of depression, many of them have similar recognizable symptoms. This list scratches the surface, but it provides a general idea of what comprises depression: Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness, or emptiness Irritability, frustration, or restlessness Loss of interest in activities or hobbies that used to be enjoyable Difficulty sleeping, sleep disturbances, or sleeping too much Fatigue and lack of energy Difficulty thinking clearly, remembering, concentrating, or making decisions Appetite or weight changes Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide Physical symptoms such as headaches, stomachaches, or back pain Experiencing some combination of these symptoms for a period of at least two weeks likely signifies that you are in the midst of a depressive episode. Treatment Any treatment for depression should coincide with a healthy diet and regular sleep schedule. It may sound simplistic, but the importance of taking care of your body cannot be overstated. There are various methods you could use to sooth the symptoms of depression. All of us could stand to exercise more often, but exercise is especially helpful for the depressed mind. It enables you to better handle stress, and the endorphins released during exercise give you a mental boost. Aside from the mental health benefits, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report that physical activity helps you sleep better at night. Yoga is a more accessible form of exercise, because it doesn t require equipment and because many of the moves and poses do not require much effort. Meditation is a highly effective way of clearing your head and calming your body. It s also easy to do, with guided meditations available through phone apps, online in text and videos, and in books. If you enjoy keeping a journal, you may find that it helps to express your thoughts on paper instead of bottling them inside. It s helpful to have close friends and family who you can confide in, but they re not always available or may be dealing with stress of their own. This makes keeping a journal a good idea to have an alternate way to vent. Therapy with anyone from a guidance counselor to a certified therapist can work wonders, and many may prefer therapy over the medication route. Situational depression especially can be relieved by having a way to get everything off your chest and receive practical advice. For a more hands-on approach, try experts like psychiatrists or psychologists. They offer many types of therapy, from light therapy for Seasonal Affective Disorder to cognitive behavioral therapy that works to change your thought processes. Other alternatives include drinking special teas or taking supplements. The properties of green tea and chamomile tea give them a calming effect, and some have found success drinking St. John s Wort tea to treat depression. It can also be taken as a supplement. While there is no proof that St. John s Wort improves depression symptoms, fish oil and SAM-e are supplements with a proven impact. There is no shame in taking medication to manage your depression. People routinely take medication for physical ailments, and a mental illness isn t any different. If you re worried about the possible side effects, call your doctor to discuss them. Any medication can be tapered down or ceased, and there are different types available to suit your individual needs and chemistry. Remember that recovery is a journey, not a destination. Bad days will still come, but with well-targeted treatment, you should be able to overcome extreme lows. While science has yet to find a cure for mental disorders such as depression, it is entirely possible to live a happy and fulfilling life in spite of it. Last Updated: Nov 29, 2017 of products


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you're taking [0.1:1.5 mg/dL, a calculated creatinine clearance 55 mL/min, or a urine protein 100 mg/dL (equivalent to 2+ proteinuria) (See CONTRAINDICATIONS ). Geriatric/Gender/Race The effects of age, gender, and race on cidofovir pharmacokinetics have not been investigated. Indications and Usage for Cidofovir Injection Cidofovir Injection is indicated for the treatment of CMV retinitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF Cidofovir Injection HAVE NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED FOR TREATMENT OF OTHER CMV INFECTIONS (SUCH AS PNEUMONITIS OR GASTROENTERITIS), CONGENITAL OR NEONATAL CMV DISEASE, OR CMV DISEASE IN NON-HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS. DESCRIPTION OF CLINICAL TRIALS Three phase II/III controlled trials of Cidofovir Injection have been conducted in HIV-infected patients with CMV retinitis. Delayed Versus Immediate Therapy (Study 105) In stage 1 of this open-label trial, conducted by the Studies of the Ocular Complications of AIDS (SOCA) Clinical Research Group, 29 previously untreated patients with peripheral CMV retinitis were randomized to either immediate treatment with Cidofovir Injection (5 mg/kg once a week for 2 weeks, then 3 mg/kg every other week) or to have Cidofovir Injection delayed until progression of CMV retinitis 13 . In stage 2 of this trial, an additional 35 previously untreated patients with peripheral CMV retinitis were randomized to either immediate treatment with Cidofovir Injection (5 mg/kg once a week for 2 weeks, then 5 mg/kg every other week), immediate treatment with Cidofovir Injection (5 mg/kg once a week for 2 weeks, then 3 mg/kg every other week), or to have Cidofovir Injection delayed until progression of CMV retinitis. Of the 64 patients in this study, 12 were randomized to 5 mg/kg maintenance therapy, 26 to 3 mg/kg maintenance therapy, and 26 to delayed therapy. Of the 12 patients enrolled in the 5 mg/kg maintenance group, 5 patients progressed, 5 patients discontinued therapy and 2 patients had no progression at study completion. Based on masked readings of retinal photographs, the median [95% confidence interval (CI)] time to retinitis progression was not reached (25, not reached) for the 5 mg/kg maintenance group. Median (95% CI) time to the alternative endpoint of retinitis progression or study drug discontinuation was 44 days (24, 207) for the 5 mg/kg maintenance group. Patients receiving 5 mg/kg maintenance had delayed time to retinitis progression compared to patients receiving 3 mg/kg maintenance or deferred therapy. Delayed Versus Immediate Therapy (Study 106) In an open-label trial, 48 previously untreated patients with peripheral CMV retinitis were randomized to either immediate treatment with Cidofovir Injection (5 mg/kg once a week for 2 weeks, then 5 mg/kg every other week), or to have Cidofovir Injection delayed until progression of CMV retinitis 14 . Patient baseline characteristics and disposition are shown in Table 3. Of 25 and 23 patients in the immediate and delayed groups respectively, 23 and 21 were evaluable for retinitis progression as determined by retinal photography. Based on masked readings of retinal photographs, the median [95% confidence interval (CI)] times to retinitis progression were 120 days (40, 134) and 22 days (10, 27) for the immediate and delayed therapy groups, respectively. This difference was statistically significant. However, because of the limited number of patients remaining on treatment over time (3 of 25 patients received Cidofovir Injection for 120 days or longer), the median time to progression for the immediate therapy group was difficult to precisely estimate. Median (95% CI) times to the alternative endpoint of retinitis progression or study drug discontinuation (including adverse events, withdrawn consent, and systemic CMV disease) were 52 days (37, 85) and 22 days (13, 27) for the immediate and delayed therapy groups, respectively. This difference was statistically significant. Time to progression estimates from this study may not be directly comparable to estimates reported for other therapies. Table 3. Patient Characteristics and Disposition (Study 106) * One patient died 2 weeks after withdrawing consent. Two patients on immediate therapy were diagnosed with CMV disease and discontinued from study. One patient on delayed therapy was diagnosed with CMV gastrointestinal disease. CMV retinitis progression not confirmed by retinal photography. Immediate Therapy ( n = 25 ) Delayed Therapy ( n = 23 ) Baseline Characteristics Age (years) 38 38 Sex (M/F) 24/1 22/1 Median CD4 Cell Count 6 9 Endpoints CMV Retinitis Progression 10 18 Discontinued Due to Adverse Event 6 0 Withdrew Consent 3 * 1 Discontinued Due to Intercurrent Illness 2 1 Discontinued Based on Ophthalmological Examination 1 1 No Progression at Study Completion 1 0 Not Evaluable at Baseline 2 2 Dose-response study of Cidofovir Injection (Study 107) In an open-label trial, 100 patients with relapsing CMV retinitis were randomized to receive 5 mg/kg once a week for 2 weeks and then either 5 mg/kg (n = 49) or 3 mg/kg (n = 51) every other week. Enrolled patients had been diagnosed with CMV retinitis an average of 390 days prior to randomization and had received a median of 3.8 prior courses of systemic CMV therapy. Eighty four of the 100 patients were considered evaluable for progression by serial retinal photographs (43 randomized to 5 mg/kg and 41 randomized to 3 mg/kg). Twenty-six and 21 patients discontinued therapy due to either an adverse event, intercurrent illness, excluded medication, or withdrawn consent in the 5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg groups, respectively. Thirty-eight of the 100 randomized patients had progressed according to masked assessment of serial retinal photographs (13 randomized to 5 mg/kg and 25 randomized to 3 mg/kg). Using retinal photographs, the median (95% CI) times to retinitis progression for the 5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg groups were 115 days (70, not reached) and 49 days (35, 52), respectively. This difference was statistically significant. Similar to Study 106, the median time to retinitis progression for the 5 mg/kg group was difficult to precisely estimate due to the limited number of patients remaining on treatment over time (4 of the 49 patients in the 5 mg/kg group were treated for 115 days or longer). Median (95% CI) times to the alternative endpoint of retinitis progression or study drug discontinuation were 49 days (38, 63) and 35 days (27, 39) for the 5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg groups, respectively. This difference was statistically significant. Contraindications Initiation of therapy with Cidofovir Injection is contraindicated in patients with a serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL, a calculated creatinine clearance 55 mL/min, or a urine protein 100 mg/dL (equivalent to 2+ proteinuria). Cidofovir Injection is contraindicated in patients receiving agents with nephrotoxic potential. Such agents must be discontinued at least seven days prior to starting therapy with Cidofovir Injection. Cidofovir Injection is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to cidofovir. Cidofovir Injection is contraindicated in patients with a history of clinically severe hypersensitivity to probenecid or other sulfa-containing medications. Direct intraocular injection of Cidofovir Injection is contraindicated; direct injection of cidofovir has been associated with iritis, ocular hypotony, and permanent impairment of vision. Warnings Nephrotoxicity Dose-dependent nephrotoxicity is the major dose-limiting toxicity related to Cidofovir Injection administration. Cases of acute renal failure resulting in dialysis and/or contributing to death have occurred with as few as one or two doses of Cidofovir Injection. Renal function (serum creatinine and urine protein) must be monitored within 48 hours prior to each dose of Cidofovir Injection. Dose adjustment or discontinuation is required for changes in renal function (serum creatinine and/or urine protein) while on therapy. Proteinuria, as measured by urinalysis in a clinical laboratory, may be an early indicator of Cidofovir Injection -related nephrotoxicity. Continued administration of Cidofovir Injection may lead to additional proximal tubular cell injury, which may result in glycosuria, decreases in serum phosphate, uric acid, and bicarbonate, elevations in serum creatinine, and/or acute renal failure, in some cases, resulting in the need for dialysis. Patients with these adverse events occurring concurrently and meeting a criteria of Fanconi's syndrome have been reported. Renal function that did not return to baseline after drug discontinuation has been observed in clinical studies of Cidofovir Injection. Intravenous normal saline hydration and oral probenecid must accompany each cidofovir infusion. Probenecid is known to interact with the metabolism or renal tubular excretion of many drugs (see PRECAUTIONS ). The safety of Cidofovir Injection has not been evaluated in patients receiving other known potentially nephrotoxic agents, such as intravenous aminoglycosides (e.g., tobramycin, gentamicin, and amikacin), amphotericin B, foscarnet, intravenous pentamidine, vancomycin, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). Preexisting Renal Impairment Initiation of therapy with Cidofovir Injection is contraindicated in patients with a baseline serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL, a creatinine clearance 55 mL/min, or a urine protein 100 mg/dL (equivalent to 2+ proteinuria). Hematological Toxicity Neutropenia may occur during Cidofovir Injection therapy. Neutrophil count should be monitored while receiving Cidofovir Injection therapy. Decreased Intraocular Pressure/Ocular Hypotony Decreased intraocular pressure may occur during Cidofovir Injection therapy, and in some instances has been associated with decreased visual acuity. Intraocular pressure should be monitored during Cidofovir Injection therapy. Metabolic Acidosis Decreased serum bicarbonate associated with proximal tubule injury and renal wasting syndrome (including Fanconi's syndrome) have been reported in patients receiving Cidofovir Injection (see ADVERSE REACTIONS ). Cases of metabolic acidosis in association with liver dysfunction and pancreatitis resulting in death have been reported in patients receiving Cidofovir Injection. Precautions General Precautions Due to the potential for increased nephrotoxicity, doses greater than the recommended dose must not be administered and the frequency or rate of administration must not be exceeded (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). Cidofovir Injection is formulated for intravenous infusion only and must not be administered by intraocular injection. Administration of Cidofovir Injection by infusion must be accompanied by oral probenecid and intravenous saline prehydration (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). Uveitis/Iritis Uveitis or iritis was reported in clinical trials and during postmarketing in patients receiving Cidofovir Injection therapy. Treatment with topical corticosteroids with or without topical cycloplegic agents should be considered. Patients should be monitored for signs and symptoms of uveitis/iritis during Cidofovir Injection therapy. Information for Patients Patients should be advised that Cidofovir Injection is not a cure for CMV retinitis, and that they may continue to experience progression of retinitis during and following treatment. Patients receiving Cidofovir Injection should be advised to have regular follow-up ophthalmologic examinations. Patients may also experience other manifestations of CMV disease despite Cidofovir Injection therapy. HIV-infected patients may continue taking antiretroviral therapy, but those taking zidovudine should be advised to temporarily discontinue zidovudine administration or decrease their zidovudine dose by 50%, on days of Cidofovir Injection administration only, because probenecid reduces metabolic clearance of zidovudine. Patients should be informed of the major toxicity of Cidofovir Injection, namely renal impairment, and that dose modification, including reduction, interruption, and possibly discontinuation, may be required. Close monitoring of renal function (routine urinalysis and serum creatinine) while on therapy should be emphasized. The importance of completing a full course of probenecid with each Cidofovir Injection dose should be emphasized. Patients should be warned of potential adverse events caused by probenecid (e.g., headache, nausea, vomiting, and hypersensitivity reactions). Hypersensitivity/ allergic reactions may include rash, fever, chills and anaphylaxis. Administration of probenecid after a meal or use of antiemetics may decrease the nausea. Prophylactic or therapeutic antihistamines and/or acetaminophen can be used to ameliorate hypersensitivity reactions. Patients should be advised that cidofovir causes tumors, primarily mammary adenocarcinomas, in rats. Cidofovir Injection should be considered a potential carcinogen in humans (See Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, & Impairment of Fertility). Women should be advised of the limited enrollment of women in clinical trials of Cidofovir Injection. Patients should be advised that Cidofovir Injection caused reduced testes weight and hypospermia in animals. Such changes may occur in humans and cause infertility. Women of childbearing potential should be advised that cidofovir is embryotoxic in animals and should not be used during pregnancy. Women of childbearing potential should be advised to use effective contraception during and for 1 month following treatment with Cidofovir Injection. Men should be advised to practice barrier contraceptive methods during and for 3 months after treatment with Cidofovir Injection. Drug Interactions Probenecid Probenecid is known to interact with the metabolism or renal tubular excretion of many drugs (e.g., acetaminophen, acyclovir, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, aminosalicylic acid, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, bumetanide, clofibrate, methotrexate, famotidine, furosemide, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, theophylline, and zidovudine). Concomitant medications should be carefully assessed. Zidovudine should either be temporarily discontinued or decreased by 50% when coadministered with probenecid on the day of cidofovir infusion. Nephrotoxic agents Concomitant administration of Cidofovir Injection and agents with nephrotoxic potential [e.g., intravenous aminoglycosides (e.g., tobramycin, gentamicin, and amikacin), amphotericin B, foscarnet, intravenous pentamidine, vancomycin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents] is contraindicated. Such agents must be discontinued at least seven days prior to starting therapy with Cidofovir Injection. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Chronic, two-year carcinogenicity studies in rats and mice have not been carried out to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of cidofovir. However, a 26-week toxicology study evaluating once weekly subscapular subcutaneous injections of cidofovir in rats was terminated at 19 weeks because of the induction, in females, of palpable masses, the first of which was detected after six doses. The masses were diagnosed as mammary adenocarcinomas which developed at doses as low as 0.6 mg/kg/week, equivalent to 0.04 times the human systemic exposure at the recommended intravenous Cidofovir Injection dose based on AUC comparisons. In a 26-week intravenous toxicology study in which rats received 0.6, 3, or 15 mg/kg cidofovir once weekly, a significant increase in mammary adenocarcinomas in female rats as well as a significant incidence of Zymbal's gland carcinomas in male and female rats were seen at the high dose but not at the lower two doses. The high dose was equivalent to 1.1 times the human systemic exposure at the recommended dose of Cidofovir Injection, based on comparisons of AUC measurements. In light of the results of these studies, cidofovir should be considered to be a carcinogen in rats as well as a potential carcinogen in humans. Cynomolgus monkeys received intravenous cidofovir, alone and in conjunction with concomitant oral probenecid, intravenously once weekly for 52 weeks at doses resulting in exposures of approximately 0.7 times the human systemic exposure at the recommended dose of Cidofovir Injection. No tumors were detected. However, the study was not designed as a carcinogenicity study due to the small number of animals at each dose and the short duration of treatment. No mutagenic response was observed in microbial mutagenicity assays involving Salmonella typhimurium (Ames) and Escherichia coli in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. An increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in vivo was seen in mice receiving 2000 mg/kg, a dosage approximately 65-fold higher than the maximum recommended clinical intravenous Cidofovir Injection dose based on body surface area estimations. Cidofovir induced chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro without metabolic activation. At the 4 cidofovir levels tested, the percentage of damaged metaphases and number of aberrations per cell increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Studies showed that cidofovir caused inhibition of spermatogenesis in rats and monkeys. However, no adverse effects on fertility or reproduction were seen following once weekly intravenous injections of cidofovir in male rats for 13 consecutive weeks at doses up to 15 mg/kg/week (equivalent to 1.1 times the recommended human dose based on AUC comparisons). Female rats dosed intravenously once weekly at 1.2 mg/kg/week (equivalent to 0.09 times the recommended human dose based on AUC) or higher, for up to 6 weeks prior to mating and for 2 weeks post mating had decreased litter sizes and live births per litter and increased early resorptions per litter. Peri- and post-natal development studies in which female rats received subcutaneous injections of cidofovir once daily at doses up to 1 mg/kg/day from day 7 of gestation through day 21 postpartum (approximately 5 weeks) resulted in no adverse effects on viability, growth, behavior, sexual maturation or reproductive capacity in the offspring. Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category C Cidofovir was embryotoxic (reduced fetal body weights) in rats at 1.5 mg/kg/day and in rabbits at 1 mg/kg/day, doses which were also maternally toxic, following daily intravenous dosing during the period of organogenesis. The no-observable-effect levels for embryotoxicity in rats (0.5 mg/kg/day) and in rabbits (0.25 mg/kg/day) were approximately 0.04 and 0.05 times the clinical dose (5 mg/kg every other week) based on AUC, respectively. An increased incidence of fetal external, soft tissue and skeletal anomalies (meningocele, short snout, and short maxillary bones) occurred in rabbits at the high dose (1 mg/kg/day) which was also maternally toxic. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Cidofovir Injection should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Nursing Mothers It is not known whether cidofovir is excreted in human milk. Since many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for adverse reactions as well as the potential for tumorigenicity shown for cidofovir in animal studies, Cidofovir Injection should not be administered to nursing mothers. The U.S. Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advises HIV-infected women not to breast-feed to avoid postnatal transmission of HIV to a child who may not yet be infected. Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in children have not been studied. The use of Cidofovir Injection in children with AIDS warrants extreme caution due to the risk of long-term carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity. Administration of Cidofovir Injection to children should be undertaken only after careful evaluation and only if the potential benefits of treatment outweigh the risks. Geriatric Use No studies of the safety or efficacy of Cidofovir Injection in patients over the age of 60 have been conducted. Since elderly individuals frequently have reduced glomerular filtration, particular attention should be paid to assessing renal function before and during Cidofovir Injection administration (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). Adverse Reactions Nephrotoxicity: Renal toxicity, as manifested by 2+ proteinuria, serum creatinine elevations of 0.4 mg/dL, or decreased creatinine clearance 55 mL/min, occurred in 79 of 135 (59%) patients receiving Cidofovir Injection at a maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg every other week. Maintenance dose reductions from 5 mg/kg to 3 mg/kg due to proteinuria or serum creatinine elevations were made in 12 of 41 (29%) patients who had not received prior therapy for CMV retinitis (Study 106) and in 19 of 74 (26%) patients who had received prior therapy for CMV retinitis (Study 107). Prior foscarnet use has been associated with an increased risk of nephrotoxicity; therefore, such patients must be monitored closely (see CONTRAINDICATIONS , WARNINGS , DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). Neutropenia: In clinical trials, at the 5 mg/kg maintenance dose, a decrease in absolute neutrophil count to 500 cells/mm 3 occurred in 24% of patients. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) was used in 39% of patients. Decreased Intraocular Pressure/Ocular Hypotony : Among the subset of patients monitored for intraocular pressure changes, a 50% decrease from baseline intraocular pressure was reported in 17 of 70 (24%) patients at the 5 mg/kg maintenance dose. Severe hypotony (intraocular pressure of 0 to 1 mm Hg) has been reported in 3 patients. Risk of ocular hypotony may be increased in patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus. Anterior Uveitis/Iritis: Uveitis or iritis has been reported in clinical trials and during postmarketing in patients receiving Cidofovir Injection therapy. Uveitis or iritis was reported in 15 of 135 (11%) patients receiving 5 mg/kg maintenance dosing. Treatment with topical corticosteroids with or without topical cycloplegic agents may be considered. Patients should be monitored for signs and symptoms of uveitis/iritis during Cidofovir Injection therapy. Metabolic Acidosis : A diagnosis of Fanconi's syndrome, as manifested by multiple abnormalities of proximal renal tubular function, was reported in 1% of patients. Decreases in serum bicarbonate to 16 mEq/L occurred in 16% of cidofovir-treated patients. Cases of metabolic acidosis in association with liver dysfunction and pancreatitis resulting in death have been reported in patients receiving Cidofovir Injection. In clinical trials, Cidofovir Injection was withdrawn due to adverse events in 39% of patients treated with 5 mg/kg every other week as maintenance therapy. The incidence of adverse reactions reported as serious in three controlled clinical studies in patients with CMV retinitis, regardless of presumed relationship to drug, is listed in Table 4. Table 4. Serious Clinical Adverse Events or Laboratory Abnormalities Occurring in > 5% of Patients * Patients receiving 5 mg/kg maintenance regimen in Studies 105, 106 and 107. Defined as decreased intraocular pressure (IOP) to 50% that at baseline. Based on 70 patients receiving 5 mg/kg maintenance dosing (Studies 105, 106 and 107), for whom baseline and follow-up IOP determinations were recorded. N = 135 * # patients (%) Proteinuria ( 100 mg/dL) 68(50) Neutropenia ( 500 cells/mm 3 ) 33(24) Decreased Intraocular Pressure 17(24) Decreased Serum Bicarbonate ( 16 mEq/L) 21(16) Fever 19(14) Infection 16(12) Creatinine Elevation ( 2 mg/dL) 16(12) Pneumonia 12(9) Dyspnea 11(8) Nausea with Vomiting 10(7) The most frequently reported adverse events regardless of relationship to study drugs (cidofovir or probenecid) or severity are shown in Table 5. The following additional list of adverse events/intercurrent illnesses have been observed in clinical studies of Cidofovir Injection and are listed below regardless of causal relationship to Cidofovir Injection. Evaluation of these reports was difficult because of the diverse manifestations of the underlying disease and because most patients received numerous concomitant medicines. Body as a Whole : abdominal pain, accidental injury, AIDS, allergic reaction, back pain, catheter blocked, cellulitis, chest pain, chills and fever, cryptococcosis, cyst, death, face edema, flu-like syndrome, hypothermia, injection site reaction, malaise, mucous membrane disorder, neck pain, overdose, photosensitivity reaction, sarcoma, sepsis Cardiovascular System : cardiomyopathy, cardiovascular disorder, congestive heart failure, hypertension, hypotension, migraine, pallor, peripheral vascular disorder, phlebitis, postural hypotension, shock, syncope, tachycardia, vascular disorder, edema Digestive System : cholangitis, colitis, constipation, esophagitis, dyspepsia, dysphagia, fecal incontinence, flatulence, gastritis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, gingivitis, hepatitis, hepatomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, abnormal liver function, liver damage, liver necrosis, melena, pancreatitis, proctitis, rectal disorder, stomatitis, aphthous stomatitis, tongue discoloration, mouth ulceration, tooth caries Endocrine System: adrenal cortex insufficiency Hemic & Lymphatic System : hypochromic anemia, leukocytosis, leukopenia, lymphadenopathy, lymphoma like reaction, pancytopenia, splenic disorder, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopenic purpura Metabolic & Nutritional System : cachexia, dehydration, edema, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hyperlipemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, hypoglycemic reaction, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia, hypoproteinemia, increased alkaline phosphatase, increased BUN, increased lactic dehydrogenase, increased SGOT, increased SGPT, peripheral edema, respiratory alkalosis, thirst, weight loss, weight gain Musculoskeletal System : arthralgia, arthrosis, bone necrosis, bone pain, joint disorder, leg cramps, myalgia, myasthenia, pathological fracture Nervous System : abnormal dreams, abnormal gait, acute brain syndrome, agitation, amnesia, anxiety, ataxia, cerebrovascular disorder, confusion, convulsion, delirium, dementia, depression, dizziness, drug dependence, dry mouth, encephalopathy, facial paralysis, hallucinations, hemiplegia, hyperesthesia, hypertonia, hypotony, incoordination, increased libido, insomnia, myoclonus, nervousness, neuropathy, paresthesia, personality disorder, somnolence, speech disorder, tremor, twitching, vasodilatation, vertigo Respiratory System : asthma, bronchitis, epistaxis, hemoptysis, hiccup, hyperventilation, hypoxia, increased sputum, larynx edema, lung disorder, pharyngitis, pneumothorax, rhinitis, sinusitis Skin & Appendages : acne, angioedema, dry skin, eczema, exfoliative dermatitis, furunculosis, herpes simplex, nail disorder, pruritus, rash, seborrhea, skin discoloration, skin disorder, skin hypertrophy, skin ulcer, sweating, urticarial Special Senses : abnormal vision, amblyopia, blindness, cataract, conjunctivitis, corneal lesion, corneal opacity, diplopia, dry eyes, ear disorder, ear pain, eye disorder, eye pain, hyperacusis, iritis, keratitis, miosis, otitis externa, otitis media, refraction disorder, retinal detachment, retinal disorder, taste perversion, tinnitus, uveitis, visual field defect, hearing loss Urogenital System : decreased creatinine clearance, dysuria, glycosuria, hematuria, kidney stone, mastitis, metorrhagia, nocturia, polyuria, prostatic disorder, toxic nephrophathy, urethritis, urinary casts, urinary incontinence, urinary retention, urinary tract infection Table 5. All Clinical Adverse Events, Laboratory Abnormalities or Intercurrent Illnesses Regardless of Severity Occurring in >15% of Patients * Patients receiving 5 mg/kg maintenance regimen in Studies 106 and 107. N = 115 * # patients (%) Any Adverse Event 115(100) Proteinuria( 30 mg/dL) 101(88) Nausea +/- Vomiting 79(69) Fever 67(58) Neutropenia(]} FEATURED: CAR-T Cell Therapy Overview Mechanism of Action KTE-C19 Studies KTE-C19 Cancer Targets Adverse Events Manufacturing Drug Status Rx Availability Prescription only C Pregnancy Category Risk cannot be ruled out N/A CSA Schedule Not a controlled drug Approval History Drug history at FDA Manufacturers Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. Heritage Pharmaceuticals Inc. Drug Class Purine nucleosides Related Drugs purine nucleosides acyclovir , valacyclovir , Valtrex , Zovirax , famciclovir , Famvir CMV Retinitis Valcyte , valganciclovir , foscarnet , cidofovir , Foscavir , Vistide , Cytovene , More... Smallpox Vaccine Reaction cidofovir , vaccinia immune globulin , More... Cidofovir Rating No Reviews - Be the first! No Reviews - Be the first! Not Rated - Be the first!} } cut


be taught Cidofovir Injection concerned