this will likely [60:60 years of age. b Contraindicated for prolonged therapy because it may cause metabolic alkalosis or sodium overload. b Cautions for Antacids Contraindications Sodium bicarbonate is contraindicated and use of other sodium-containing antacids should be restricted in patients on low-sodium diets and in those with CHF, renal failure, edema, or cirrhosis. b Warnings/Precautions Warnings Phenylketonuria Some antacids may contain aspartame (e.g., NutraSweet ), which is metabolized in the GI tract to phenylalanine following oral administration. b Sensitivity Reactions Tartrazine Sensitivity Some antacid formulations contain the dye tartrazine (FD&C yellow No. 5), which may cause allergic-type reactions (bronchial asthma in susceptible individuals) in certain susceptible individuals (e.g., patients who are sensitive to aspirin). b General Precautions Aluminum Antacids Risk of hypophosphatemia with prolonged administration or large doses, particularly in patients with inadequate dietary intake of phosphorus. b Monitor serum phosphate concentrations at monthly or bimonthly intervals in patients on maintenance hemodialysis who are receiving chronic aluminum antacid therapy. b Calcium Carbonate May cause gastric hypersecretion and acid rebound. b May cause the milk-alkali syndrome (characterized by hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis and, rarely, renal insufficiency). b Monitor serum calcium concentrations weekly and whenever manifestations of hypercalcemia occur in patients receiving large doses of calcium carbonate. b Magnesium Antacids Commonly cause a laxative effect, and frequent administration of these antacids alone often cannot be tolerated; repeated doses cause diarrhea which may cause fluid and electrolyte imbalances. b Sodium Bicarbonate May cause metabolic alkalosis when given in large doses. b Medication Errors Serious medication errors have been reported to FDA in which consumers used Maalox Total Relief (bismuth subsalicylate) when they intended to use traditional Maalox liquid antacid products containing aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and simethicone (e.g., Maalox Advanced Regular Strength, Maalox Advanced Maximum Strength). 266 267 268 Because of the potential for serious adverse effects associated with accidental use of bismuth subsalicylate (which is chemically related to aspirin), the manufacturer of Maalox Total Relief initially agreed to change the trade name of the product to one that did not include Maalox ; however, the manufacturer instead discontinued the bismuth subsalicylate preparation in the summer of 2010. 267 269 Specific Populations Renal Impairment Aluminum Antacids: Long-term administration in patients with renal failure or chronic renal failure may result in hyperaluminemia since small amounts of aluminum are absorbed from the GI tract and excretion of aluminum is decreased in patients with renal failure. b Aluminum accumulation in the CNS may be the cause of dialysis encephalopathy, while aluminum accumulation in the bones may result in or worsen dialysis osteomalacia. b Calcium Carbonate: Patients with renal impairment or dehydration and electrolyte imbalance are predisposed to developing the milk-alkali syndrome. b Hypercalcemia risk in chronic hemodialysis patients. b Magnesium Antacids: In patients with severe renal impairment, hypermagnesemia characterized by hypotension, nausea, vomiting, ECG changes, respiratory or mental depression, and coma. b Do not administer in patients with renal failure, and antacids containing more than 50 mEq of magnesium in the recommended daily dosage should be used cautiously and only under the supervision of a clinician who should monitor electrolytes in patients with renal disease. b Sodium Bicarbonate: May cause metabolic alkalosis in patients with renal insufficiency. b Common Adverse Effects With prolonged administration, constipation (e.g., aluminum salts, calcium carbonate), diarrhea (e.g., magnesium salts), gastric distension/flatulence (e.g., sodium bicarbonate), and gastric hypersecretion/acid rebound (e.g., calcium carbonate). b Interactions for Antacids All antacids potentially may increase or decrease the rate and/or extent of absorption of concomitantly administered oral drugs by changing GI transit time or by binding or chelating the drug. b In vitro studies indicate that magnesium hydroxide or trisilicate has the greatest potential for drug binding and aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate are intermediate. b Specific Drugs and Food Drug Interaction Comments Aspirin Pharmacokinetic (increased absorption of buffered or enteric-coated aspirin or decreased blood salicylate concentrations) interactions b Chlordiazepoxide Possible decreased chlordiazepoxide absorption with aluminum hydroxide and magnesium preparations b Diazepam Possible increased diazepam absorption with aluminum hydroxide b Digoxin Possible decreased digoxin absorption b Space doses of the drugs as far apart as possible b Indomethacin Possible decreased indomethacin absorption b Space doses of the drugs as far apart as possible b Iron salts Possible decreased absorption of iron salts b Space doses of the drugs as far apart as possible b Isoniazid Possible decreased isoniazid absorption with aluminum hydroxide b Administer isoniazid at least 1 hour before aluminum-containing antacids b Milk or other calcium-containing foods Possible milk-alkali syndrome with chronic administration of bicarbonate and milk or calcium b Naproxen Possible increased naproxen absorption with sodium bicarbonate b Possible decreased naproxen absorption with magnesium oxide or aluminum hydroxide b Pseudoephedrine Possible increased pseudoephedrine absorption with aluminum hydroxide b Tetracyclines Possible decreased tetracycline absorption b Allow 1 2 hours to elapse between doses of antacids and tetracyclines b Actions Mechanism of action in the treatment of peptic ulcers is based on ability of antacids to react with hydrochloric acid and thus increase gastric pH. b With usual doses, antacids generally do not increase and maintain gastric pH above 4 5. b Antacids, in decreasing order of their ability to neutralize a given amount of acid, are calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium salts, and aluminum salts. b Aluminum-containing antacids (except aluminum phosphate) combine with dietary phosphate in the intestine forming insoluble, nonabsorbable aluminum phosphate which is excreted in the feces. b If phosphate intake is limited and renal function is normal, aluminum antacids (except aluminum phosphate) decrease phosphate absorption and hypophosphatemia and hypophosphaturia occur. b Magnesium-containing antacids have a laxative action. b Advice to Patients Advise patients to consult a clinician if ulcer pain worsens or is not relieved after the first week of therapy. b Importance of consulting a clinician if GERD symptoms persist or warning signs of more severe GERD develop (e.g., dysphagia, bleeding, weight loss, choking [acid-induced cough, shortness of breath, and/or hoarseness], chest pain). 265 d Importance of women informing their clinician if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed. b Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs, as well as concomitant illnesses. b Importance of informing patients of other important precautionary information. b (See Cautions.) Preparations Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details. Please refer to the ASHP Drug Shortages Resource Center for information on shortages of one or more of these preparations. Aluminum Carbonate, Basic Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Oral Capsules equivalent to dried aluminum hydroxide gel 608 mg or aluminum hydroxide 500 mg Basaljel Wyeth Tablets equivalent to dried aluminum hydroxide gel 608 mg or aluminum hydroxide 500 mg Basaljel (scored) Wyeth * available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name Aluminum Hydroxide Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Oral Capsules 475 mg Alu-Cap 3M Suspension 320 mg/5 mL* Aluminum Hydroxide Suspension Amphojel Wyeth 600 mg/5 mL ALternaGEL J&J-Merck Tablets 300 mg Amphojel Wyeth Tablets, film-coated 600 mg Alu-Tab 3M * available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name Calcium Carbonate, Precipitated (Precipitated Chalk) Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Bulk Powder* Oral Pieces, chewing gum 500 mg Chooz Insight Suspension 400 mg/5 mL Mylanta Children s Upset Stomach Relief J&J-Merck 1.25 g/5 mL* Calcium Carbonate Suspension Tablets 1.25 g* Calcium Carbonate Tablets (scored) Tablets, chewable 400 mg Mylanta Children s Upset Stomach Relief J&J-Merck 420 mg Titralac Regular 3M 500 mg Tums Antacid/Calcium Supplement GlaxoSmithKline 650 mg* Calcium Carbonate Chewable Tablets 750 mg Titralac Extra Strength 3M Tums E-X Antacid/Calcium Supplement GlaxoSmithKline 850 mg Alka-Mints Bayer 1 g Tums Ultra Antacid/Calcium Supplement GlaxoSmithKline Tablets, chewable, rapidly disintegrating 600 mg Maalox Quick Dissolve Chewables Novartis 1 g Maalox Quick Dissolve Chewables Maximum Strength Novartis * available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name Dihydroxyaluminum Sodium Carbonate Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Bulk Powder* Magaldrate (Aluminum Magnesium Hydroxide) Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Oral Suspension 540 mg/5 mL Lowsium Rugby Magaldrate Combinations Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Oral Suspension 540 mg/5 mL with Simethicone 40 mg/5 mL Lowsium Plus Rugby Riopan Plus Wyeth 1080 mg/5 mL with Simethicone 40 mg/5mL Riopan Plus Double Strength Wyeth * available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name Magnesium Carbonate Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Bulk Powder* * available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name Magnesium Hydroxide Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Bulk Powder* Oral Suspension 400 mg/5 mL* Milk of Magnesia Phillips Milk of Magnesia Bayer 800 mg/5 mL Phillips Milk of Magnesia Concentrate Bayer 1.2 g/5 mL* Milk of Magnesia Concentrate Roxane Tablets 300 mg* Phillips Milk of Magnesia Bayer * available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name Magnesium Oxide Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Bulk Powder* Oral Capsules 140 mg Uro-Mag Blaine Tablets 400 mg* Magnesium Oxide Tablets Mag-Ox 400 Blaine 420 mg* Magnesium Oxide Tablets * available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name Magnesium Trisilicate Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Bulk Powder* * available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda) Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Bulk Powder* Oral For solution 0.78 g/3.9 g Citrocarbonate Granules Lee Tablets 325 mg* Sodium Bicarbonate Tablets 650 mg* Sodium Bicarbonate Tablets Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Carbonate Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Oral Suspension Aluminum Hydroxide 31.7 mg/5 mL and Magnesium Carbonate 119.3 mg/5 mL Gaviscon Liquid GlaxoSmithKline Genaton Liquid Teva Aluminum Hydroxide 254 mg/5 mL and Magnesium Carbonate 237.5 mg/5 mL Gaviscon Extra Strength GlaxoSmithKline Tablets, chewable Aluminum Hydroxide 160 mg and Magnesium Carbonate 105 mg Gaviscon Extra Strength GlaxoSmithKline Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Oral Suspension Aluminum Hydroxide 200 mg/5 mL and Magnesium Hydroxide 200 mg/5 mL Mag-Al Pharmaceutical Associates Aluminum Hydroxide 225 mg/5 mL and Magnesium Hydroxide 200 mg/5 mL Alamag Teva, URL Maalox Novartis Rulox Rugby Aluminum Hydroxide 600 mg/5 mL and Magnesium Hydroxide 300 mg/5 mL Maalox TC Novartis Tablets, chewable Aluminum Hydroxide 200 mg and Magnesium Hydroxide 200 mg Rulox #1 Rugby Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide Combinations Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Oral Suspension Aluminum Hydroxide 200 mg/5 mL, Magnesium Hydroxide 200 mg/5 mL, and Simethicone 20 mg/5 mL Almacone Rugby Di-Gel Schering-Plough Maalox Advanced Regular Strength Novartis Mag-Al Plus Pharmaceutical Associates Mygel Sandoz Mylanta Fast-Acting J&J-Merck Aluminum Hydroxide 225 mg/5 mL, Magnesium Hydroxide 200 mg/5 mL, and Simethicone 25 mg/5 mL Alamag Plus Teva Aluminum Hydroxide 400 mg/5 mL, Magnesium Hydroxide 400 mg/5 mL, and Simethicone 40 mg/5 mL Almacone II Hi-Potency Rugby Antacid Double Strength Teva Maalox Advanced Maximum Strength Novartis Mag-Al XS Pharmaceutical Associates Mygel II Sandoz Mylanta Fast-Acting Double Strength J&J-Merck Aluminum Hydroxide 500 mg/5 mL, Magnesium Hydroxide 450 mg/5 mL, and Simethicone 40 mg/5 mL Kudrox Schwarz Maalox Antacid/Anti-Gas Maximum Strength Novartis Tablets, chewable Aluminum Hydroxide 200 mg, Magnesium Hydroxide 200 mg, and Simethicone 20 mg Almacone Rugby Aluminum Hydroxide 200 mg, Magnesium Hydroxide 200 mg, and Simethicone 25 mg Tempo Blairex Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Trisilicate Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Oral Tablets, chewable Aluminum Hydroxide 80 mg and Magnesium Trisilicate 20 mg Gaviscon GlaxoSmithKline Genaton Teva Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium Carbonate Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Oral Suspension Calcium Carbonate 520 mg/5 mL and Magnesium Carbonate 400 mg/5 mL Marblen Fleming Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium Hydroxide Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Oral Suspension Calcium Carbonate 400 mg/5 mL and Magnesium Hydroxide 135 mg/5 mL Mylanta Supreme Fast Acting J&J-Merck Tablets Calcium Carbonate 550 mg and Magnesium Hydroxide 125 mg Mylanta Gelcaps J&J-Merck Tablets, chewable Calcium Carbonate 350 mg and Magnesium Hydroxide 150 mg Mylanta Fast-Acting J&J-Merck Calcium Carbonate 500 mg and Magnesium Hydroxide 110 mg Rolaids Antacid Pfizer Calcium Carbonate 700 mg and Magnesium Hydroxide 300 mg Mylanta Fast-Acting Maximum Strength J&J-Merck Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium Hydroxide Combinations Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Oral Tablets Calcium Carbonate 280 mg, Magnesium Hydroxide 128 mg, and Simethicone 20 mg Di-Gel Schering-Plough Tablets, chewable Calicum Carbonate 800 mg, Magnesium Hydroxide 165 mg, and Famotidine 10 mg Pepcid Complete J&J-Merck Other Calcium Carbonate Combinations Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Oral Tablets 420 mg with Simethicone 21 mg Titralac Plus 3M Tablets, chewable, rapidly disintegrating 1 g with Simethicone 60 mg Maalox Max Quick Dissolve Chewables Antacid/Antigas Maximum Strength Novartis Potassium Bicarbonate and Sodium Bicarbonate Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Oral Tablets, for solution Potassium Bicarbonate 312 mg and Sodium Bicarbonate 958 mg Alka-Seltzer Gold Effervescent Antacid Bayer AHFS DI Essentials. Copyright 2017, Selected Revisions February 1, 2011. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 4500 East-West Highway, Suite 900, Bethesda, Maryland 20814. Use is not currently included in the labeling approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. References Only references cited for selected revisions after 1984 are available electronically. 200. Ateshkadi A, Lam NP, Johnson CA. Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease. Clin Pharm . 1993; 12:34-48. [PubMed 8428432] 201. Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori : its role in disease. Clin Infect Dis . 1992; 15:386-91. [PubMed 1520782] 202. Marshall BJ. Treatment strategies for Helicobacter pylori infection. Gastroenterol Clin North Am . 1993; 22:183-98. [PubMed 8449566] 203. Bayerdörffer E, Mannes GA, Sommer A et al. Long-term follow-up after eradication of Helicobacter pylori with a combination of omeprazole and amoxycillin. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl . 1993; 196:19-25. [PubMed 8341987] 204. Unge P, Ekstrom P. 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JAMA . 1996; 276:1136-7. 259. Bell GD. Anti- Helicobacter pylori therapy: clearance, elimination, or eradication? Lancet . 1991; 337:310-1. Letter. 260. Langtry HD, Wilde MI. Lansoprazole: an update of its pharmacological properties and clinical efficacy in the management of acid-related disorders. Drugs . 1997; 54:473-500. [PubMed 9279507] 261. TAP Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Prevacid (lansoprazole) delayed-release capsules prescribing information. Deerfield, IL; 1997 Aug. 262. Garnett RG. Lansoprazole: a proton pump inhibitor. Ann Pharmacother . 1996; 30:1425. [PubMed 8968456] 263. Zimmerman AE, Katona BG. Lansoprazole: a comprehensive review. Pharmacotherapy . 1997; 17:308-26. [PubMed 9085323] 264. Hatlebakk JG, Nesje LB, Hausken T et al. Lansoprazole capsules and amoxicillin oral suspension in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Scand J Gastroenterol . 1995; 11:1053-7. 265. DeVault KR, Castell DO, Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol . 1999; 94:1434-42. [PubMed 10364004] 266. Food and Drug Administration. Maalox total relief and Maalox liquid products: medication use errors. Rockville, MD; 2010 Feb 17. From the FDA website. 267. Food and Drug Administration. Product confusion with Maalox total relief and Maalox liquid products. Rockville, MD; 2010 Feb 17. 268. Food and Drug Administration warns about serious side effects from Maalox product mix-ups. Rockville, MD; 2010 Feb 17. http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm200795.htm 269. Novartis Consumer Health, East Hanover: Personal communication. a. Food and Drug Administration. Antacid products for over-the-counter (OTC) human use. [21 FR Part 331] Fed Regist. 1990; 55:19859. b. AHFS drug information 2004. McEvoy GK, ed. Antacids. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2004:2756-61. c. USP DI: drug information for the health care provider. Johnson KW, ed. 24th ed. Englewood, CO: Micromedex, Inc; 2004:202-21. Antacids (oral-local). d. American Pharmaceutical Association. Handbook of nonprescriptin drugs. 14th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association; 2004:317-48. e. American Gastroenterological Association Consensus Development Panel. Improving the management of GERD: evidence-based therapeutic strategies. Bethesda, MD: AGA Press; 2002:1-24. f. American Pharmaceutical Association. Handbook of nonprescriptin drugs. 13th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association; 2004:267-303. Print this page]} FEATURED: CAR-T Cell Therapy Overview Mechanism of Action KTE-C19 Studies KTE-C19 Cancer Targets Adverse Events Manufacturing Recently Approved Lonhala Magnair Lonhala Magnair (glycopyrrolate) is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) bronchodilator for... 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