the doorstep [2:<1 year of age. 1 Ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone otic suspension: Safety and efficacy not established in children> <6 months of age, but there are no known safety concerns or differences in disease process to preclude use in children> <6 months of age. 125 Ciprofloxacin-hydrocortisone otic suspension: Safety and efficacy not established in children> <2 years of age, but there are no known safety concerns or differences in disease process to preclude use in children 1 year of age. 120 Common Adverse Effects Ophthalmic: local burning or discomfort, lid margin crusting, crystals/scales, foreign body sensation, itching, conjunctival hyperemia, bad taste, keratopathy. 1 119 Otic: otic discomfort/pain/pruritus. 120 125 Interactions for Ciloxan No formal drug interaction studies to date. 1 119 125 Since systemic absorption may occur following ophthalmic or otic 1 119 125 administration, consider possible drug interactions such as those reported with systemic administration. 1 119 125 Ciloxan Pharmacokinetics Absorption Bioavailability Ophthalmic ointment: Extent of systemic absorption not evaluated, but mean maximal plasma ciprofloxacin concentrations expected to be> <2.5 ng/mL, based on studies using 0.3% ophthalmic solution. 119 Ophthalmic solution: Mean plasma ciprofloxacin concentrations generally averaged> <2.5 ng/mL after topical application to each eye (1 drop of 0.3% ophthalmic solution every 2 hours while awake for 2 days, then every 4 hours while awake for 5 days). 1 Ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone otic suspension: Following a single bilateral 4-drop otic dose in pediatric patients after tympanostomy tube insertion, measurable plasma ciprofloxacin or dexamethasone concentrations were observed after 6 hours in 2 or 5 of 9 patients, respectively. 125 Peak plasma ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone concentrations were attained within 15 minutes to 2 hours. 125 Ciprofloxacin-hydrocortisone otic suspension: Systemic exposure to ciprofloxacin expected to be below assay quantitation limits (0.05 mg/mL) and maximum plasma hydrocortisone concentration is predicted to be within range of endogenous hydrocortisone. 120 Distribution Extent Distribution into human ocular tissues and fluids following topical ophthalmic or systemic administration not fully characterized to date. 8 17 Distributed into milk after systemic administration; it is not known whether distributed into milk after topical application to the eye or ear. 1 119 120 125 Stability Storage Ophthalmic Ointment 2 25 C. 119 Solution 2 25 C. 1 Protect from light. 1 108 Otic Suspension Ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone otic suspension: 15 30 C. 125 Avoid freezing; protect from light. 125 Ciprofloxacin-hydrocortisone otic suspension:> <25 C. 120 Avoid freezing; protect from light. 120 Actions and Spectrum Inhibits DNA synthesis via inhibition of type II DNA topoisomerases (DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV). 1 3 7 31 36 43 44 50 51 52 53 99 Usually bactericidal. 1 3 6 37 40 41 42 43 44 45 47 Active in vitro against most gram-negative aerobic bacteria and many gram-positive aerobic bacteria, 1 3 5 8 30 31 32 40 42 46 54 including penicillinase-producing, nonpenicillinase-producing, and oxacillin-resistant staphylococci; 1 3 5 8 30 31 40 42 46 59 60 generally less active against gram-positive than gram-negative bacteria 30 31 42 46 67 68 69 and less active in vitro on a weight basis against streptococci than against staphylococci. 3 5 6 8 40 42 64 65 66 67 68 Most strains of Ps. cepacia , some strains of Ps. maltophilia , and most anaerobic bacteria, including Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium difficile , are resistant. 1 3 Inactive against fungi and viruses. 1 3 5 6 8 Advice to Patients Importance of discontinuing drug and informing clinician at first sign of rash or other sign of hypersensitivity. 1 99 116 119 120 125 Importance of learning and adhering to proper administration techniques to avoid contamination of the product. 1 116 119 120 125 Importance of not wearing contact lenses in presence of signs and symptoms of ophthalmic bacterial infections. 119 Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs. 1 119 120 125 Importance of women informing clinicians if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed. 1 119 120 125 Importance of informing patients of other important precautionary information. (See Cautions.) 1 119 120 125 Preparations Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details. Please refer to the ASHP Drug Shortages Resource Center for information on shortages of one or more of these preparations. Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Ophthalmic Ointment 0.3% (of ciprofloxacin) Ciloxan Alcon Solution 0.3% (of ciprofloxacin) Ciloxan (with benzalkonium chloride) Alcon Ciprofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution (with benzalkonium chloride) Bausch & Lomb, Hi-Tech, Novex Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Combinations Routes Dosage Forms Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer Otic Suspension 0.2% (of ciprofloxacin) with Hydrocortisone 1% Cipro HC Otic Drops (with benzyl alcohol 0.9%) Alcon 0.3% (of ciprofloxacin) with Dexamethasone 0.1% Ciprodex (with benzalkonium chloride) Alcon AHFS DI Essentials. 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Cipro HC Otic (ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and hydrocortisone) otic suspension prescribing information; undated. From Alcon website (.) Accessed 2006 Apr 3. 121. Hu FR, Luh KT. Topical ciprofloxacin for treating nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis. Ophthalmology . 1998; 105:269-72. [PubMed 9479286] 122. Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX: Personal communication. 123. Johnson MP, Ramphal R. Malignant external otitis: report on therapy with ceftazidime and review of therapy and prognosis. Clin Infect Dis . 1990; 12:173-80. 124. Hern JD, Ghufoor K, Jayaraj SM et al. ENT manifestations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in HIV and AIDS. Int J Clin Pract . 1998; 52:141-4. [PubMed 9684426] 125. Alcon Laboratories. Ciprodex (ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and dexamethasone) otic suspension prescribing information. Fort Worth, TX; 2003 Jul 17. Print this page> ]} FEATURED: CAR-T Cell Therapy Overview Mechanism of Action KTE-C19 Studies KTE-C19 Cancer Targets Adverse Events Manufacturing Recently Approved Lonhala Magnair Lonhala Magnair (glycopyrrolate) is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) bronchodilator for... Ozempic Ozempic (semaglutide) is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog administered once-weekly for the... Ogivri Ogivri (trastuzumab-dkst) is a HER2 / neu receptor antagonist biosimilar to Herceptin indicated for... Sublocade Sublocade (buprenorphine) is a once-monthly injectable partial opioid agonist formulation for the... More} } most excellent
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