very unlikely We all want to get our needs met, but manipulators use underhanded methods. Manipulation is a way to covertly influence someone with indirect, deceptive, or abusive tactics. Manipulation may seem benign or even friendly or flattering, as if the person has your highest concern in mind, but in reality it s to achieve an ulterior motive. Other times, it s veiled hostility, and when abusive methods are used, the objective is merely power. You may not realize that you re being unconsciously intimidated. If you grew up being manipulated, it s harder to discern what s going on because it feels familiar. You might have a gut feeling of discomfort or anger, but on the surface the manipulator may use words that are pleasant, ingratiating, reasonable, or that play on your guilt or sympathy, so you override your instincts and don t know what to say. Codependents have trouble being direct and assertive and may use manipulation to get their way. They re also easy prey for being manipulated by narcissists, borderline personalities, sociopaths, and other codependents, including addicts. Favorite weapons of manipulators are: guilt, complaining, comparing, lying, denying (including excuses and rationalizations), feigning ignorance, or innocence (the Who me? defense), blame, bribery, undermining, mind games, assumptions, foot-in-the-door, reversals, emotional blackmail, evasiveness, forgetting, fake concern, sympathy, apologies, flattery, and gifts and favors. Manipulators often use guilt by saying directly or through implication, After all I ve done or you, or chronically behaving needy and a helpless. They may compare you negatively to someone else or rally imaginary allies to their cause, saying that, Everyone or Even so and so thinks xyz or says xyz about you. Some manipulators deny promises, agreements, or conversations, or start an argument and blame you for something you didn t do to get sympathy and power. This approach can be used to break a date, promise, or agreement. Parents routinely manipulate with bribery everything from, Finish your dinner to get dessert, to No video games until your homework is done. I was bribed with a promise of a car, which I needed in order to commute to summer school, on the condition that I agree to go to the college that my parents had chosen rather than the one I d decided on. I always regretted taking the bribe. When you do, it undermines your self-respect. Manipulators often voice assumptions about your intentions or beliefs and then react to them as if they were true in order to justify their feelings or actions, all the while denying what you say in the conversation. They may act as if something has been agreed upon or decided when it hasn t in order to ignore any input or objection you might have. The foot-in-the-door technique is making a small request that you agree to, which is followed by the real request. It s harder to say no, because you ve already said yes. The reversal turns your words around to mean something you didn t intend. When you object, manipulators turn the tables on you so that they re the injured party. Now it s about them and their complaints, and you re on the defensive. Fake concern is sometimes used to undermine your decisions and confidence in the form of warnings or worry about you. Emotional blackmail is abusive manipulation that may include the use of rage, intimidation, threats, shame, or guilt. Shaming is a method to create self-doubt and make you feel insecure. It can even be couched in a compliment: I m surprised that you of all people would stoop to that! A classic ploy is to frighten you with threats, anger, accusations, or dire warnings, such as, At your age, you ll never meet anyone else if you leave, or The grass isn t any greener, or playing the victim: I ll die without you. Blackmailers may also frighten you with anger, so you sacrifice your needs and wants. If that doesn t work, they sometimes suddenly switch to a lighter mood. You re so relieved that you re willing to agree to whatever is asked. They might bring up something you feel guilty or ashamed about from the past as leverage to threaten or shame you, such as, I ll tell the children xyz if you do xyz. Victims of blackmailers who have certain disorders, such as borderline or narcissistic personality disorders, are prone to experience a psychological fog. This acronym, invented by Susan Forward, stands for Fear, Obligation, and Guilt. The victim is made to feel afraid to cross the manipulator, feels obligated to comply with his or her request, and feels too guilty not to do so. Shame and guilt can be used directly with put-downs or accusations that you re selfish (the worst vice to many codependents) or that You only think of yourself, You don t care about me, or that You have it so easy. Codependents are rarely assertive. They may say whatever they think someone wants to hear to get along or be loved, but then later they do what they want. This is also passive-aggressive behavior. Rather than answer a question that might lead to a confrontation, they re evasive, change the topic, or use blame and denial (including excuses and rationalizations), to avoid being wrong. Because they find it so hard to say no, they may say yes, followed by complaints about how difficult accommodating the request will be. When confronted, because of their deep shame, codependents have difficulty accepting responsibility, so they deny responsibility and blame or make excuses or make empty apologies to keep the peace. Codependents use charm and flattery and offer favors, help, and gifts to be accepted and loved. Criticism, guilt, and self-pity are also used to manipulate to get what they want: Why do you only think of yourself and never ask or help me with my problems? I helped you. Acting like a victim is a way to manipulate with guilt. Addicts routinely deny, lie, and manipulate to protect their addiction. Their partners also manipulate, for example, by hiding or diluting an addict s drugs or alcohol or through other covert behavior. They may also lie or tell half-truths to avoid confrontations or control the addict s behavior. Passive-aggressive behavior also can be used to manipulate. When you have trouble saying no, you might agree to things you don t want to, and then get your way by forgetting, being late, or doing it halfheartedly. Typically, passive-aggression is a way of expressing hostility. Forgetting on purpose conveniently avoids what you don t want to do and gets back at your partner, such as forgetting to pick up your spouse s clothes from the cleaners. Sometimes, this is done unconsciously, but it s still a way of expressing anger. More hostile is offering desserts to your dieting partner. The first step is to know with whom you re dealing. Manipulators know your triggers. Study their tactics and learn their favorite weapons. Build your self-esteem and self-respect. This is your best defense. Also, learn to be assertive and set boundaries. Read How to Speak Your Mind: Become Assertive and Set Limits . Contact me at [email protected] for a free report, 12 Strategies to Handle Manipulators. Darlene Lancer 2014 Related Articles About Darlene Lancer, JD, MFT Darlene Lancer is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and expert on relationships and codependency. She s the author of Conquering Shame and Codependency: 8 Steps to Freeing the True You and Codependency for Dummies and six ebooks, including: 10 Steps to Self-Esteem , How To Speak Your Mind - Become Assertive and Set Limits , Dealing with a Narcissist: 8 Steps to Raise Self-Esteem and Set Boundaries with Difficult People , and Freedom from Guilt and Blame - Finding Self-Forgiveness , available on her website, http://www.whatiscodependency.com and Amazon. Ms. Lancer has counseled individuals and couples for 28 years and coaches internationally. She s a sought-after speaker in media and at professional conferences. Her articles appear in professional journals and Internet mental health websites, including on her own, where you can get a free copy of 14 Tips for Letting Go. Find her on Youtube.com, Soundcloud, Twitter @darlenelancer, and at www.Facebook.com/codependencyrecovery. View all posts by Darlene Lancer, JD, MFT Hot Topics Today 1 PTSD Patients Show Heightened Sensitivity to Deviant Sounds 2 Developing the Evidence Base for Mindfulness Therapies 3 Dominant Hand May Begin in Womb 4 5 Types of People Who Are Naturally Attracted to Each Other 5 What's a Narcissist's Punishment? Most Popular News PTSD Patients Show Heightened Sensitivity to Deviant Sounds Dominant Hand May Begin in Womb Developing the Evidence Base for Mindfulness Therapies Avatar Therapy May Ease Schizophrenia Symptoms Bipolar or Depression? 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