and adaptability Ergotamine Overview Side Effects Dosage Professional Interactions More Pregnancy Warnings Breastfeeding Warnings User Reviews Drug Images Support Group Q & A Pronunciation (er GOT a meen) Index Terms Ergotamine Tartrate Dosage Forms Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling. Tablet Sublingual, Sublingual, as tartrate: Ergomar: 2 mg [contains fd&c blue #1 aluminum lake, fd&c yellow #10 aluminum lake, saccharin sodium] Slideshow Living with Migraine Headaches: Treatment & Prevention Tips Brand Names: U.S. Ergomar Pharmacologic Category Antimigraine Agent Ergot Derivative Pharmacology Has partial agonist and/or antagonist activity against tryptaminergic, dopaminergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors depending upon their site; is a highly active uterine stimulant; it causes constriction of peripheral and cranial blood vessels and produces depression of central vasomotor centers Absorption Oral, rectal: Erratic (Perrin 1985) Distribution V d : Adults: 1.85 L/kg Metabolism Extensively hepatic, including high first-pass metabolism (Perrin 1985) Excretion Feces (90%, primarily as metabolites) (Perrin 1985) Time to Peak Serum: Oral: 2 hours (Perrin 1985) Half-Life Elimination 2-2.5 hours (Perrin 1985) Use: Labeled Indications Vascular headache: Abort or prevent vascular headaches, such as migraine, migraine variants, or so-called histaminic cephalalgia Contraindications Hypersensitivity to ergotamine or any component of the formulation; peripheral vascular disease; hepatic or renal impairment; coronary artery disease; hypertension; sepsis; ergot alkaloids are contraindicated with strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 (includes protease inhibitors, azole antifungals, and some macrolide antibiotics); pregnancy Dosing: Adult Vascular headache: Sublingual: 2 mg (1 tablet) under tongue at first sign of migraine, then 2 mg every 30 minutes if needed; maximum dose: 6 mg per 24 hours, 10 mg per week Dosing: Geriatric Not recommended for use in the elderly. Dosing: Renal Impairment Use is contraindicated in patients with impaired renal function. Dosing: Hepatic Impairment Use is contraindicated in patients with impaired hepatic function. Administration Do not crush sublingual tablets.. Storage Store at 20 C to 25 C (68 F to 77 F); excursions permitted to 15 C to 30 C (59 F to 86 F). Protect from heat and light. Drug Interactions Alpha-/Beta-Agonists: Ergot Derivatives may enhance the hypertensive effect of Alpha-/Beta-Agonists. Ergot Derivatives may enhance the vasoconstricting effect of Alpha-/Beta-Agonists. Avoid combination Alpha1-Agonists: Ergot Derivatives may enhance the hypertensive effect of Alpha1-Agonists. Ergot Derivatives may enhance the vasoconstricting effect of Alpha1-Agonists. Avoid combination Antiemetics (5HT3 Antagonists): May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonin Modulators. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor therapy Antihepaciviral Combination Products: May increase the serum concentration of Ergot Derivatives. Avoid combination Anti-Parkinson Agents (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor): May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonin Modulators. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity if selegiline, rasagiline, or safinamide is combined with a serotonin modulator. Use of transdermal selegiline with serotonin modulators is contraindicated. Consider therapy modification Antipsychotic Agents: Serotonin Modulators may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Antipsychotic Agents. Specifically, serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotic Agents may enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonin Modulators. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor therapy Aprepitant: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Monitor therapy Beta-Blockers: May enhance the vasoconstricting effect of Ergot Derivatives. Consider therapy modification Boceprevir: May increase the serum concentration of Ergotamine. Avoid combination Chloroprocaine: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Ergot Derivatives. Monitor therapy Clarithromycin: May increase the serum concentration of Ergotamine. Avoid combination Cobicistat: May increase the serum concentration of Ergotamine. Avoid combination Conivaptan: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Avoid combination Crizotinib: May increase the serum concentration of Ergotamine. Avoid combination CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate): May decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Monitor therapy CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Strong): May decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Consider therapy modification Dapoxetine: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Serotonin Modulators. Avoid combination Dasatinib: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Monitor therapy Enzalutamide: May decrease the serum concentration of Ergotamine. Avoid combination Fosaprepitant: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Monitor therapy Fusidic Acid (Systemic): May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Avoid combination Idelalisib: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Avoid combination Itraconazole: May increase the serum concentration of Ergotamine. Avoid combination Ketoconazole (Systemic): May increase the serum concentration of Ergotamine. Avoid combination Letermovir: May increase the serum concentration of Ergot Derivatives. Avoid combination Linezolid: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonin Modulators. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Due to a risk of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity, discontinue serotonin modulators 2 weeks prior to the administration of linezolid. If urgent initiation of linezolid is needed, discontinue serotonin modulators immediately and monitor closely. Consider therapy modification Lorcaserin: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Ergot Derivatives. Specifically, use of these drugs together may increase the risk of developing valvular heart disease. Lorcaserin may enhance the serotonergic effect of Ergot Derivatives. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Avoid combination Macrolide Antibiotics: May increase the serum concentration of Ergot Derivatives. Cabergoline and Clarithromycin may interact, see specific monograph for full details. Exceptions: Azithromycin (Systemic); Fidaxomicin; Spiramycin. Consider therapy modification Metaxalone: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonin Modulators. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor therapy Methylene Blue: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonin Modulators. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Avoid combination Methylphenidate: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Serotonin Modulators. Specifically, the risk of serotonin syndrome or serotonin toxicity may be increased. Monitor therapy Metoclopramide: Serotonin Modulators may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Metoclopramide. This may be manifest as symptoms consistent with serotonin syndrome or neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Monitor therapy MiFEPRIStone: May increase the serum concentration of Ergotamine. Management: Avoid ergotamine during and 2 weeks following mifepristone for treatment of hyperglycemia in Cushing's syndrome. The interaction magnitude could be lower with single doses used to terminate pregnancy, but neither effect has been studied clinically. Avoid combination Netupitant: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Monitor therapy Nitroglycerin: Ergot Derivatives may diminish the vasodilatory effect of Nitroglycerin. This is of particular concern in patients being treated for angina. Nitroglycerin may increase the serum concentration of Ergot Derivatives. Avoid combination Opioid Analgesics: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonin Modulators. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor therapy Palbociclib: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Monitor therapy Posaconazole: May increase the serum concentration of Ergotamine. Avoid combination Protease Inhibitors: May increase the serum concentration of Ergot Derivatives. Avoid combination Reboxetine: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Ergot Derivatives. Monitor therapy Roxithromycin: May increase the serum concentration of Ergot Derivatives. Avoid combination Serotonin 5-HT1D Receptor Agonists: Ergot Derivatives may enhance the vasoconstricting effect of Serotonin 5-HT1D Receptor Agonists. Serotonin 5-HT1D Receptor Agonists may enhance the vasoconstricting effect of Ergot Derivatives. Avoid combination Serotonin Modulators: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of other Serotonin Modulators. The development of serotonin syndrome may occur. Exceptions: Nicergoline; Tedizolid. Monitor therapy Simeprevir: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Monitor therapy Stiripentol: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Management: Use of stiripentol with CYP3A4 substrates that are considered to have a narrow therapeutic index should be avoided due to the increased risk for adverse effects and toxicity. Any CYP3A4 substrate used with stiripentol requires closer monitoring. Consider therapy modification Tedizolid: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonin Modulators. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor therapy Telaprevir: May increase the serum concentration of Ergotamine. Avoid combination TraMADol: Serotonin Modulators may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of TraMADol. The risk of seizures may be increased. TraMADol may enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonin Modulators. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor therapy Voriconazole: May increase the serum concentration of Ergotamine. Avoid combination Adverse Reactions Frequency not defined. Cardiovascular: Bradycardia, cold extremities, ECG changes, edema, hypertension, ischemia, tachycardia, valvular sclerosis, vasospasm Central nervous system: Numbness, paresthesia, precordial pain, vertigo Dermatologic: Gangrene of skin or other tissue, pruritus Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting Genitourinary: Retroperitoneal fibrosis Neuromuscular & skeletal: Myalgia, weakness Respiratory: Cyanosis, pleuropulmonary fibrosis ALERT: U.S. Boxed Warning Concurrent drug therapy: Serious and/or life-threatening peripheral ischemia has been associated with the coadministration of ergotamine with potent CYP 3A4 inhibitors, including protease inhibitors and macrolide antibiotics. Because CYP3A4 inhibition elevates the serum levels of ergotamine, the risk for vasospasm leading to cerebral ischemia and/or ischemia of the extremities is increased. Therefore, concomitant use of these medications is contraindicated. Warnings/Precautions Concerns related to adverse effects: Cardiac valvular fibrosis: Ergot alkaloids have been associated with fibrotic valve thickening (eg, aortic, mitral, tricuspid); usually associated with long-term, chronic use. Cardiovascular effects: Vasospasm or vasoconstriction can occur, possibly resulting in decreased cerebral blood flow, ECG changes, and hypertension; sustained vasoconstriction may also lead to ischemic colitis, intermittent claudication, aggravation of angina, or precipitation of MI. Do not use is any patient at risk or predisposed to vascular effects of ergot alkaloids. In a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, ergotamine has been determined to be an agent that may cause direct myocardial toxicity (magnitude: major) (AHA [Page 2016]). Ergotism: Ergot alkaloid use may result in ergotism (intense vasoconstriction) resulting in peripheral vascular ischemia and possible gangrene. Ergotism is usually associated with overdosage or prolonged chronic use; do not exceed dosing guidelines and avoid prolonged administration. Pleural/retroperitoneal fibrosis: Rare cases of pleural and/or retroperitoneal fibrosis have been reported with prolonged daily use. Concurrent drug therapy issues: CYP3A4 inhibitors: [US Boxed Warning]: Ergot alkaloids are contraindicated with potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 (includes protease inhibitors, azole antifungals, and some macrolide antibiotics); concomitant use associated with acute ergot toxicity (ergotism). Special populations: Elderly: Avoid use in the elderly due to the vasoconstrictive properties and cardiovascular adverse effects associated with ergot alkaloids. Other warnings/precautions: Appropriate use: Acute migraine agents (eg, 5-HT 1 agonists, opioids, ergotamine, or a combination of the agents) used for 10 or more days per month may lead to worsening of headaches (medication overuse headache); withdrawal treatment may be necessary in the setting of overuse (Thorlund 2016) Withdrawal: Discontinuation even after limited use may result in withdrawal symptoms (ie, rebound headache, nausea, vomiting). Pregnancy Risk Factor X Pregnancy Considerations May cause prolonged constriction of the uterine vessels and/or increased myometrial tone leading to reduced placental blood flow. This has contributed to fetal growth retardation in animals. Patient Education Discuss specific use of drug and side effects with patient as it relates to treatment. (HCAHPS: During this hospital stay, were you given any medicine that you had not taken before? Before giving you any new medicine, how often did hospital staff tell you what the medicine was for? How often did hospital staff describe possible side effects in a way you could understand?) Patient may experience nausea or vomiting. Have patient report immediately to prescriber angina, bradycardia, tachycardia, abnormal heartbeat, edema, severe dizziness, passing out, severe headache, vision changes, muscle pain, muscle weakness, change in color of hands or feet from pale to blue or red, burning or numbness of hands or feet, or wounds on fingers or toes (HCAHPS). Educate patient about signs of a significant reaction (eg, wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat). Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions. Intended Use and Disclaimer: Should not be printed and given to patients. This information is intended to serve as a concise initial reference for health care professionals to use when discussing medications with a patient. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience, and judgment in diagnosing, treating, and advising patients. Next Interactions Print this page Add to My Med List More about ergotamine Side Effects During Pregnancy or Breastfeeding Dosage Information Drug Images Drug Interactions Support Group En Español 3 Reviews Add your own review/rating Drug class: antimigraine agents Consumer resources Ergotamine Professional resources Ergotamine Tartrate (AHFS Monograph) Other brands: Ergomar Related treatment guides Migraine} Drug Status Rx Availability Prescription only X Pregnancy Category Not for use in pregnancy N/A CSA Schedule Not a controlled drug Approval History Drug history at FDA Ergotamine Rating 3 User Reviews 6.3 /10 3 User Reviews 6.3 Rate it! 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